Nucleus
Karthik Chennupati ( Spring 2021)
Main Idea
The nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom. This nucleus accounts for most (if not all) of the weight in an atom but only a small fraction of its volume. This nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons densely smushed together, and surroudning this dense mass is a space which electrons float and orbit in. The nucleus is particularly critical in identifying elements, which are identified by the number of protons in the nucleus.
Please follow the following link in order to view how atoms move. The dense ball in the middle is the nucleus and the revolving orbits represent the paths of the electrons
http://bestanimations.com/Science/Chemistry/Chemistry.html
History
The nucleus was discovered in 1911, because Rutheford wanted to test Thomson's "plum pudding model" of the atom. In the plum pudding model, Thomson suggested that an atom had negative electrons scattered all around a positive charge, or group of them. Ernest Rutherford did an experiment that involved the deflection of alpha particles directed at a thin sheet of metal foil. He thought if this "Plum" model was correct then the positively charged alpha particles would pass through the foil with very little trouble, as the foil should act as electrically neutral. To his surprise, many of the particles were deflected at very crazy and bizarre angles. Because the mass of an alpha particle is about 8000 times that of an electron, it became apparent that a very strong force must be present if it could deflect the massive and fast moving alpha particles. This basically meant the whole plum pudding model was a giant lie and that the deflections of the alpha particles could only be explained if the positive and negative charges were separated from each other and that the mass of the atom was a concentrated point of positive charge. This concentrated point was identifies, and viola- the nucleus was born!!
Connectedness
How is the idea of a nucleus connected to my major you ask?
Well, the idea of a nucleus is actually connected to basically everything ever. The whole entire world is made up of atoms, and nothing could exist without them, so basically the nucleuses which keep the atoms he'd together hold the whole world in a fragile balance. Without them, practically nothing we know of would exist.
In actuality though, a nucleus is, as described by dictionary.com, simply "the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth." So technically, nucleuses are all around us. Churches function as a nucleus for Christians, the sun is a nucleus for the universe, the culc is a nucleus for undergraduate freshman students. "Nucleus" is basically a term that can be applied to a lot of aspects of life.
further reading
for more information, read the following