User:Aclifton6 - Revision history

Aclifton6: /* See also */

2015-12-06T02:38:04Z

Aclifton6: /* Connectedness */

2015-12-06T02:36:04Z

Connectedness

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	==Connectedness==		==Connectedness==
	#How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?		#How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?
			This topic is interesting to me because thermal heat was the most enjoyed topic that was studied all semester.
	#How is it connected to your major?		#How is it connected to your major?
			My major is Building Construction and this is related because we calculate the change in heat within expansion joints for concrete.
	#Is there an interesting industrial application?		#Is there an interesting industrial application?
			The application applied relates to all materials used in construction with expansion and contraction.

	==History==		==History==

Aclifton6: /* History */

2015-12-06T02:31:30Z

History

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	==History==		==History==

	~~Thermodynamics~~ was ~~brought up as a science in~~ the 18th and 19th centuries. ~~However~~, ~~it was first brought up by Galilei, who introduced~~ the ~~concept~~ of ~~temperature~~ and ~~invented the first thermometer. G. Black first introduced the word~~ '~~thermodynamics'. Later, G. Wilke introduced another unit of measurement~~ known as the ~~calorie that measures~~ heat~~. The idea of thermodynamics~~ was ~~brought up by Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot~~. ~~He is often known as~~ "the ~~father of thermodynamics". It all began with~~ the ~~development~~ of ~~the steam engine during the Industrial Revolution~~. ~~He devised an ideal cycle~~ of ~~operation. During his observations and experimentations, he had~~ the ~~incorrect notion~~ that heat ~~is conserved, however he was able~~ to ~~lay down theorems that led to the development of thermodynamics~~. In the ~~20th century~~, ~~the science of thermodynamics became~~ a ~~conventional term~~ and a ~~basic division of physics. Thermodynamics dealt with~~ the ~~study~~ of ~~general properties of physical systems under equilibrium and the conditions necessary to obtain equilibrium~~.		The idea of thermodynamics was idealized during the late 17th century, but was truly recognized during the 18th and 19th centuries. Jean Baptiste Biot (1774-1862) worked on the analysis of heat conduction, however unsuccessful. Then Baron Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768-1830) continued the work of Boit and completed his(Fourier's) masterpiece which was known as the mathematical theory of heat conduction which was stated within Theorie Analytique de la Chaleur (1822). "Around 1850 Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson (Kelvin) stated both the First Law - that total energy is conserved - and the Second Law of Thermodynamics. The Second Law was originally formulated in terms of the fact that heat does not spontaneously flow from a colder body to a hotter." The terminology, "thermodynamics", was not created until the year 1854, during this time a British mathematician and physicist, William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) created the terminology thermo-dynamics when he wrote a paper upon On the Dynamical Theory of Heat.

	== See also ==		== See also ==

Aclifton6: /* Specific Heat */

2015-12-06T01:56:01Z

Specific Heat

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	With liquids and solids that are changing temperature, there is a specific heat associated with a temperature change. This means that the specific heat is variable upon the mass of an object, the change in time as well as the material that is absorbing or expelling heat.		With liquids and solids that are changing temperature, there is a specific heat associated with a temperature change. This means that the specific heat is variable upon the mass of an object, the change in time as well as the material that is absorbing or expelling heat.

Aclifton6: /* Second Law */

2015-12-06T01:55:20Z

Second Law

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	Heat Energy transfer falls under the Law of Thermodynamics. This is defined as the internal energy (E) which is equal to the change of heat transfer (Q) ''into'' a system and work (W) ''done by'' the system. When heat is removed from a system it results with a negative answer, and when heat is added to a system allows for a positive transfer of heat and thus a positive answer. Heat can not be stored like Potential energy, due to the process that is needed; thus resulting in Kinetic energy. Due to this many different arrangements of the system are able to exist.		Heat Energy transfer falls under the Law of Thermodynamics. This is defined as the internal energy (E) which is equal to the change of heat transfer (Q) ''into'' a system and work (W) ''done by'' the system. When heat is removed from a system it results with a negative answer, and when heat is added to a system allows for a positive transfer of heat and thus a positive answer. Heat can not be stored like Potential energy, due to the process that is needed; thus resulting in Kinetic energy. Due to this many different arrangements of the system are able to exist.

	==~~Second Law~~==		==Specific Heat==

	~~The second law states~~ that there is ~~another useful variable of~~ heat~~, entropy (S). Entropy can be described as the disorder or chaos of~~ a ~~system, but in physics, we will just refer to it as another variable like enthalpy or~~ temperature. ~~For any given physical process, the combined entropy of a system and the environment remains a constant if the process can be reversed. The second law also states~~ that if the ~~physical process~~ is ~~irreversible,~~ the ~~combined entropy~~ of ~~the system and the environment must increase. Therefore~~, the ~~final entropy must be greater than~~ the ~~initial entropy~~.		With liquids and solids that are changing temperature, there is a specific heat associated with a temperature change. This means that the specific heat is variable upon the mass of an object, the change in time as well as the material that is absorbing or expelling heat.

	~~===Mathematical Models===~~

	~~delta S = delta Q/T~~
	~~Sf = Si (reversible process)~~
	~~Sf > Si (irreversible process)~~

	===~~Examples~~===		===Specific Heat Formulas===

	'''Reversible process''': Ideally forcing a flow through a constricted pipe, where there are no boundary layers. As the flow moves through the constriction, the pressure, volume and temperature change, but they return to their normal values once they hit the downstream. This return to the variables' original values allows there to be no change in ~~entropy. It is often known as an isentropic process.~~		Q= mc (change in time)

	~~'''Irreversible process''': When a hot object and cold object are put in contact with each other, eventually the~~ heat from the hot object will transfer to the cold object and the two will reach the same temperature and stay constant at that temperature, reaching equilibrium. However, once those objects are separated, they will remain at that equilibrium temperature until something else acts upon it. The objects do not go back to their original temperatures so there is a change in ~~entropy~~.		Within this equation heat is found by mass* "C" which is a constant multiplied by the change in time.

	==Connectedness==		==Connectedness==

Aclifton6: /* References */

2015-12-06T01:50:05Z

References

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	http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatra.html		http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatra.html
	https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/2a/5e/d6/2a5ed64011dd8c93ecf6bdccca3ba537.jpg		https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/2a/5e/d6/2a5ed64011dd8c93ecf6bdccca3ba537.jpg
			https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnVVJfUMkAo

	[[Category:Thermal Energy]]		[[Category:Thermal Energy]]

Aclifton6: /* References */

2015-12-06T01:49:34Z

References

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	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer
	http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatra.html		http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatra.html
			https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/2a/5e/d6/2a5ed64011dd8c93ecf6bdccca3ba537.jpg

	[[Category:Thermal Energy]]		[[Category:Thermal Energy]]

Aclifton6: /* References */

2015-12-06T01:49:13Z

References

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	==References==		==References==

	~~https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/thermo0.html~~		Georgia Tech Physics Department Example Page
	http://~~hyperphysics~~.~~phy-astr.gsu~~.edu/~~hbase~~/~~thermo~~/~~thereq~~.html		http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/py105/notes/Heattransfer.html
	https://~~www~~.~~grc~~.~~nasa.gov~~/~~www~~/~~k-12/airplane/thermo2.html~~		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer
	http://~~www~~.~~phys~~.~~nthu~~.edu~~.tw~~/~~~thschang~~/~~notes~~/~~GP21~~.~~pdf~~		http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatra.html
	~~http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/153532/~~

	[[Category:Thermal Energy]]		[[Category:Thermal Energy]]

Aclifton6: /* Thermal Energy */

2015-12-06T01:47:10Z

Thermal Energy

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	==Thermal Energy==		==Thermal Energy==

	This topics focuses on energy work of a system. Energy transfer is one of the fundamental principals of Physics, thermal energy falls under this category. This type of energy falls under the abbreviation of Q which stands for the heat that is expelled from an object once a reaction or kinetic energy is transferred; as well as the movement of tiny particles within the object.		This topics focuses on the energy and work of a system. Energy transfer is one of the fundamental principals of Physics, thermal energy falls under this category. This type of energy falls under the abbreviation of Q which stands for the heat that is expelled from an object once a reaction or kinetic energy is transferred; as well as the movement of tiny particles within the object. There are three forms of Thermal Energy: Conduction, Convection and Radiation. Conduction is the transfer of heat energy though collisions between adjacent molecules. Convection is the transfer of heat through motion of a fluid such as air or water; when the fluid is heated it is caused to move away from the source of heat, therefore carrying the heat energy with it. Radiation is the transfer of heat through waves or particles through a material or space.

	===Definitions===		===Definitions===
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	====A Computational Model====		====A Computational Model====

	You are able to view the transfer of heat through the link provided.[https://~~trinket~~.io/~~glowscript/31d0f9ad9e Teach hands-on with GlowScript~~]		You are able to view the transfer of heat through the link provided.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnVVJfUMkAo.] This link gives credit to the author, Andi Lucas; it is a video I found interesting and entertaining, however I did not create the video.

	===First Law===		===First Law===

	~~The first law~~ of ~~thermodynamics defines~~ the internal energy (E) as equal to the ~~difference between~~ heat transfer (Q) ''into'' a system and work (W) ''done by'' the system. ~~Heat~~ removed from a system ~~would be given~~ a negative ~~sign~~ and heat ~~applied~~ to ~~the~~ system ~~would be given~~ a positive ~~sign~~. ~~Internal energy~~ can be ~~converted into other types of energy because it acts~~ like ~~potential~~ energy~~. Heat and work~~, ~~however, cannot be stored or conserved independently because they depend on~~ the process. ~~This allows for~~ many different ~~possible states~~ of a system to exist. There can be a process known as the adiabatic process in which there is no heat transfer. This occurs when a system is full insulated from the outside environment. The implementation of this law also brings about another useful state variable, '''enthalpy'''.		Heat Energy transfer falls under the Law of Thermodynamics. This is defined as the internal energy (E) which is equal to the change of heat transfer (Q) ''into'' a system and work (W) ''done by'' the system. When heat is removed from a system it results with a negative answer, and when heat is added to a system allows for a positive transfer of heat and thus a positive answer. Heat can not be stored like Potential energy, due to the process that is needed; thus resulting in Kinetic energy. Due to this many different arrangements of the system are able to exist.

	~~====A Mathematical Model====~~

	~~E2 - E1 = Q - W~~

	==Second Law==		==Second Law==

Aclifton6: /* Definitions */

2015-12-06T01:25:49Z

Definitions

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	E(total) = delta K + delta U + Rest Energy		E(total) = delta K + delta U + Rest Energy
	[~~[statesofmatter~~-~~large~~.~~gif]~~]		[https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/2a/5e/d6/2a5ed64011dd8c93ecf6bdccca3ba537.jpg]

	====Units====		====Units====
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	====A Computational Model====		====A Computational Model====

	~~How do we visualize or predict using this topic~~. ~~Consider embedding some vpython code here~~ [https://trinket.io/glowscript/31d0f9ad9e Teach hands-on with GlowScript]		You are able to view the transfer of heat through the link provided.[https://trinket.io/glowscript/31d0f9ad9e Teach hands-on with GlowScript]

	===First Law===		===First Law===

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	== See also ==		== See also ==

	~~Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?~~

	~~===Further reading===~~

	~~Books, Articles or other print media on this topic~~

	===External links===		===External links===

	~~Internet resources on this topic~~		http://www.seas.ucla.edu/jht/pioneers/pioneers.html
			http://teacher.pas.rochester.edu/phy121/lecturenotes/Chapter17/Chapter17.html

	==References==		==References==