Josiah Willard Gibbs - Revision history

Msenderowitz3: /* Connectedness */

2015-12-01T03:42:21Z

Connectedness

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	==Connectedness==		==Connectedness==
	Josiah Willard Gibbs contributions to the scientific community are so much more influential than the average person ~~knows~~. As mentioned previously, his findings allowed future scientists, such as Einstein, to make their breakthrough discoveries. ~~It is impossible~~ to ~~ignore the importance of~~ his ~~theories~~ as the ~~are the heart~~ of ~~nearly every system~~.		Josiah Willard Gibbs contributions to the scientific community are so much more influential than the average person could ever imagine. As mentioned previously, his findings allowed future scientists, such as Einstein, to make their breakthrough discoveries. His theories impact daily life on the micro and macroscopic scale. With regards to industrial applications, his findings are crucial as they accurately predict the outcomes of reactions.

	As a Materials Science and Engineering major, much of what Gibbs studied and discovered is interconnected with my studies. For example, Gibbs phase rule is ever-present in phase diagrams of materials.		As a Materials Science and Engineering major, much of what Gibbs studied and discovered is interconnected with my studies. For example, Gibbs phase rule is ever-present in phase diagrams of materials. I find it admirable that he not only persevered, but also remained humble throughout his life despite his lack of recognition.

	== See also ==		== See also ==

Msenderowitz3 at 03:39, 1 December 2015

2015-12-01T03:39:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:39, 30 November 2015
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	Josiah Willard Gibbs was an American born scientist known primarily for his studies in thermodynamics and development of statistical mechanics. His findings paved the way for future discoveries in quantum mechanics and theoretical physics.		Josiah Willard Gibbs was an American born scientist known primarily for his studies in thermodynamics and development of statistical mechanics. His findings paved the way for future discoveries in quantum mechanics and theoretical physics.

	[[File: OldGibbs.jpg\|~~200px~~\|thumb\|right\| Josiah Willard Gibbs]]		[[File: OldGibbs.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\| Josiah Willard Gibbs]]


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	===Early Life===		===Early Life===

	Josiah Willard Gibbs was born to Josiah Gibbs Sr. and Mary Anna Van Cleve on February 11, 1839 in New Haven, Connecticut. As a child he lived a relatively privileged life with his four older sisters. Education was encouraged in his family as not only was his father a professor at Yale, but also had one relative who held a position as president of Harvard and another relative who was the first president of Princeton. His classmates at The Hopkins School, a small private school in New Haven, often described him as quiet and "intellectually absorbed." His fragile pulmonary and overall health likely contributed to his introverted demeanor as it prevented him from interacting with his peers.		Josiah Willard Gibbs was born to Josiah Gibbs Sr. and Mary Anna Van Cleve on February 11, 1839 in New Haven, Connecticut. As a child he lived a relatively privileged life with his four older sisters. Education was encouraged in his family as not only was his father a professor at Yale, but also had one relative who held a position as president of Harvard and another relative who was the first president of Princeton.
			[[File: Ctnewhaven.jpg\|150px\|thumb\|right]]
			His classmates at The Hopkins School, a small private school in New Haven, often described him as quiet and "intellectually absorbed." His fragile pulmonary and overall health likely contributed to his introverted demeanor as it prevented him from interacting with his peers.


	===Later Life===		===Later Life===

	Gibbs continued his pursuit of education when he matriculated to Yale when he was only 15 years old (in 1854). There, he began to pursue engineering research while also receiving numerous awards for his exceptional academic performance in Latin and Mathematics. After successfully completing his undergraduate career, Gibbs continued with graduate studies at Yale. In 1863, at the age of 19, Josiah Willard Gibbs became the first American to receive a doctorate in engineering. It is evident that his academic accomplishments were made possible through his intellect and work ethic, but it is worth noting that his health problems prevented him from serving in the Civil War and allowed him to focus on his studies.		Gibbs continued his pursuit of education when he matriculated to Yale when he was only 15 years old (in 1854). There, he began to pursue engineering research while also receiving numerous awards for his exceptional academic performance in Latin and Mathematics. After successfully completing his undergraduate career, Gibbs continued with graduate studies at Yale. In 1863, at the age of 19, Josiah Willard Gibbs became the first American to receive a doctorate in engineering. It is evident that his academic accomplishments were made possible through his intellect and work ethic, but it is worth noting that his health problems prevented him from serving in the Civil War and allowed him to focus on his studies.
			[[File: yale.jpg\|250px\|thumb\|left\|Yale campus in the 19th Century]]
	Several years after finishing his graduate work and completing three years as a tutor at Yale, Josiah Willard Gibbs journeyed to Europe with his sisters where he attended lectures on mathematics and physics. After his three years abroad, Gibbs returned to America with a more european view of science. This was one of the reasons that despite his future scientific work, notoriety came very slowly, if at all, in the United States.		Several years after finishing his graduate work and completing three years as a tutor at Yale, Josiah Willard Gibbs journeyed to Europe with his sisters where he attended lectures on mathematics and physics. After his three years abroad, Gibbs returned to America with a more european view of science. This was one of the reasons that despite his future scientific work, notoriety came very slowly, if at all, in the United States.

	Gibbs became a pioneer in another aspect of academia when in 1871, he became the first professor of Mathematical Physics in the United States. Due to his financial security from his inheritance from his parents, he taught without pay for nine years at Yale.		Gibbs became a pioneer in another aspect of academia when in 1871, he became the first professor of Mathematical Physics in the United States. Due to his financial security from his inheritance from his parents, he taught without pay for nine years at Yale. [[File: grave.jpg\|250px\|thumb\|right\|Josiah Willard Gibbs' gravestone]]

	During his remaining years, Josiah Willard Gibbs maintained his reclusive lifestyle. Not only did he never marry, but he also remained living in his childhood home with his older sister and her husband. Despite a few vacations to the Adirondacks and New Hampshire, Gibbs spent the rest of his life in New Haven either working at Yale or in his home. He died April 28th 1903 from acute intestinal obstruction.		During his remaining years, Josiah Willard Gibbs maintained his reclusive lifestyle. Not only did he never marry, but he also remained living in his childhood home with his older sister and her husband. Despite a few vacations to the Adirondacks and New Hampshire, Gibbs spent the rest of his life in New Haven either working at Yale or in his home. He died April 28th 1903 from acute intestinal obstruction.

	==Scientific ~~_______~~ ==		==Scientific Work ==

	===Early Scientific Career===		===Early Scientific Career===
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	This theory can also be used to find the change in Gibbs Free Energy as shown in the following equation:		This theory can also be used to find the change in Gibbs Free Energy as shown in the following equation:
	[[File:Delta g explanation.png\| ~~200px~~\|thumb\|center]]		[[File:Delta g explanation.png\| 400px\|thumb\|center]]
	If the numerical value for Delta G is negative, the reaction is spontaneous.		If the numerical value for Delta G is negative, the reaction is spontaneous.
	If the value is positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous.		If the value is positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous.

Msenderowitz3 at 03:28, 1 December 2015

2015-12-01T03:28:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:28, 30 November 2015
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	Josiah Willard Gibbs was an American born scientist known primarily for his studies in thermodynamics and development of statistical mechanics. His findings paved the way for future discoveries in quantum mechanics and theoretical physics.		Josiah Willard Gibbs was an American born scientist known primarily for his studies in thermodynamics and development of statistical mechanics. His findings paved the way for future discoveries in quantum mechanics and theoretical physics.

	[[File: OldGibbs.jpg\|~~400px~~\|thumb\|right]]		[[File: OldGibbs.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\| Josiah Willard Gibbs]]

Msenderowitz3 at 03:27, 1 December 2015

2015-12-01T03:27:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:27, 30 November 2015
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	Josiah Willard Gibbs was an American born scientist known primarily for his studies in thermodynamics and development of statistical mechanics. His findings paved the way for future discoveries in quantum mechanics and theoretical physics.		Josiah Willard Gibbs was an American born scientist known primarily for his studies in thermodynamics and development of statistical mechanics. His findings paved the way for future discoveries in quantum mechanics and theoretical physics.

	[[File: OldGibbs.jpg\|~~500px~~\|thumb\|right]]		[[File: OldGibbs.jpg\|400px\|thumb\|right]]


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	This theory can also be used to find the change in Gibbs Free Energy as shown in the following equation:		This theory can also be used to find the change in Gibbs Free Energy as shown in the following equation:
	[[File:Delta g explanation.png\| ~~400px~~\|thumb\|center]]		[[File:Delta g explanation.png\| 200px\|thumb\|center]]
	If the numerical value for Delta G is negative, the reaction is spontaneous.		If the numerical value for Delta G is negative, the reaction is spontaneous.
	If the value is positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous.		If the value is positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous.

Msenderowitz3 at 03:26, 1 December 2015

2015-12-01T03:26:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:26, 30 November 2015
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	Josiah Willard Gibbs was an American born scientist known primarily for his studies in thermodynamics and development of statistical mechanics. His findings paved the way for future discoveries in quantum mechanics and theoretical physics.		Josiah Willard Gibbs was an American born scientist known primarily for his studies in thermodynamics and development of statistical mechanics. His findings paved the way for future discoveries in quantum mechanics and theoretical physics.

	[[File: ~~Old Gibbs~~.jpg\|500px\|thumb\|right]]		[[File: OldGibbs.jpg\|500px\|thumb\|right]]

Msenderowitz3 at 03:26, 1 December 2015

2015-12-01T03:26:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:26, 30 November 2015
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	Josiah Willard Gibbs was an American born scientist known primarily for his studies in thermodynamics and development of statistical mechanics. His findings paved the way for future discoveries in quantum mechanics and theoretical physics.		Josiah Willard Gibbs was an American born scientist known primarily for his studies in thermodynamics and development of statistical mechanics. His findings paved the way for future discoveries in quantum mechanics and theoretical physics.

	[[File:~~old~~ Gibbs.jpg\| 500px\|thumb\|right~~\| Josiah Willard Gibbs~~]]		[[File: Old Gibbs.jpg\|500px\|thumb\|right]]


	==Personal Life==		==Personal Life==

Msenderowitz3 at 03:23, 1 December 2015

2015-12-01T03:23:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:23, 30 November 2015
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	Josiah Willard Gibbs was an American born scientist known primarily for his studies in thermodynamics and development of statistical mechanics. His findings paved the way for future discoveries in quantum mechanics and theoretical physics.		Josiah Willard Gibbs was an American born scientist known primarily for his studies in thermodynamics and development of statistical mechanics. His findings paved the way for future discoveries in quantum mechanics and theoretical physics.

			[[File:old Gibbs.jpg\| 500px\|thumb\|right\| Josiah Willard Gibbs]]

	==Personal Life==		==Personal Life==

Msenderowitz3 at 03:17, 1 December 2015

2015-12-01T03:17:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:17, 30 November 2015
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	This theory can also be used to find the change in Gibbs Free Energy as shown in the following equation:		This theory can also be used to find the change in Gibbs Free Energy as shown in the following equation:
	[[File:Delta g explanation.png\| 400px\|thumb\|center]]		[[File:Delta g explanation.png\| 400px\|thumb\|center]]
	If the numerical value for Delta G is negative, the reaction is spontaneous.		If the numerical value for Delta G is negative, the reaction is spontaneous.
	If the value is positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous.		If the value is positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous.
	If the value is zero, the system is in its equilibrium state.		If the value is zero, the system is in its equilibrium state.

Msenderowitz3: /* Personal Life */

2015-12-01T03:17:17Z

Personal Life

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:17, 30 November 2015
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	During his remaining years, Josiah Willard Gibbs maintained his reclusive lifestyle. Not only did he never marry, but he also remained living in his childhood home with his older sister and her husband. Despite a few vacations to the Adirondacks and New Hampshire, Gibbs spent the rest of his life in New Haven either working at Yale or in his home. He died April 28th 1903 from acute intestinal obstruction.		During his remaining years, Josiah Willard Gibbs maintained his reclusive lifestyle. Not only did he never marry, but he also remained living in his childhood home with his older sister and her husband. Despite a few vacations to the Adirondacks and New Hampshire, Gibbs spent the rest of his life in New Haven either working at Yale or in his home. He died April 28th 1903 from acute intestinal obstruction.


	==Scientific _______ ==		==Scientific _______ ==

Msenderowitz3: /* Scientific Contributions */

2015-12-01T03:16:46Z

Scientific Contributions

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:16, 30 November 2015
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	Arguably, his most famous contribution was the concept of Gibbs Free Energy. In short this relates a systems energy and entropy. He believed that understanding a systems equilibrium (the maximum of a systems' entropy) was essential in understanding the system as a whole. His equations developed allow one the calculate a system's free energy, how fast the reaction will occur, its direction, and spontaneity. He was the first person to derive a differential equation relating temperature, entropy, energy, pressure and volume which can be simplified into the following equation:		Arguably, his most famous contribution was the concept of Gibbs Free Energy. In short this relates a systems energy and entropy. He believed that understanding a systems equilibrium (the maximum of a systems' entropy) was essential in understanding the system as a whole. His equations developed allow one the calculate a system's free energy, how fast the reaction will occur, its direction, and spontaneity. He was the first person to derive a differential equation relating temperature, entropy, energy, pressure and volume which can be simplified into the following equation:
	[[File:Gibb.gif]]		[[File:Gibb.gif\| 400px\|thumb\|center]]



	This theory can also be used to find the change in Gibbs Free Energy as shown in the following equation:		This theory can also be used to find the change in Gibbs Free Energy as shown in the following equation:
	[[File:Delta g explanation.png]]		[[File:Delta g explanation.png\| 400px\|thumb\|center]]
	If the numerical value for Delta G is negative, the reaction is spontaneous.		If the numerical value for Delta G is negative, the reaction is spontaneous.
	If the value is positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous.		If the value is positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous.
	If the value is zero, the system is in its equilibrium state.		If the value is zero, the system is in its equilibrium state.



	Another famous theory he developed is known as Gibbs Phase Rule. This theory applies to heterogenous systems in thermodynamic equilibrium and succinctly calculates the number of possible phases in a system.		Another famous theory he developed is known as Gibbs Phase Rule. This theory applies to heterogenous systems in thermodynamic equilibrium and succinctly calculates the number of possible phases in a system.
	[[File:Phase-rule-4-638.jpg]]		[[File:Phase-rule-4-638.jpg\| 400px\|thumb\|center]]

	In his goal to find simpler approaches to science, Gibbs played a pivotal role in popularizing the use of vector notation in physics. This more straight forward method replaced the more complex method of quaternions which were previously used.		In his goal to find simpler approaches to science, Gibbs played a pivotal role in popularizing the use of vector notation in physics. This more straight forward method replaced the more complex method of quaternions which were previously used.