Hall Effect - Revision history

Nandanaavasarala: /* Industrial */

2025-04-14T00:47:04Z

Industrial

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	Hall Effects are used in industry to aid in the control of Hydraulic systems such as moving cranes and backhoes. It is also used to help sense a car wheel's motion to aid in the use of anti-skid/anti-lock brakes. Every smartphone today uses a hall effect sensor as well. This is how the digital compass of a cell phone works. The hall effect senses the change in magnetic field to approximate direction. Another great way of using the hall effect in smartphones is to lock the screen when a case cover is flipped. The cover has a magnet that the smartphone senses, so it locks the screen automatically when the cover is on the screen. A test for this feature can be seen in the following video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITbT5vrvhX8 .		Hall Effects are used in industry to aid in the control of Hydraulic systems such as moving cranes and backhoes. It is also used to help sense a car wheel's motion to aid in the use of anti-skid/anti-lock brakes. Every smartphone today uses a hall effect sensor as well. This is how the digital compass of a cell phone works. The hall effect senses the change in magnetic field to approximate direction. Another great way of using the hall effect in smartphones is to lock the screen when a case cover is flipped. The cover has a magnet that the smartphone senses, so it locks the screen automatically when the cover is on the screen. A test for this feature can be seen in the following video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITbT5vrvhX8 .

			Hall effect sensors, and their ability to sense changes in position, have a wide variety of uses in the automotive industry. Hall effect sensors are used in ignition timing, where a permanent magnet and semiconductor Hall Effect chip are placed side-by-side separated by a gap; together, they make a hall effect sensor in the car. A metal rotor is positioned so that the shafts of the rotor specifically go through the gap between the chip and the magnet, and the sensor detects the position of the rotor depending on whether the magnet is shielded from the chip (depending on what passes through the air gap). The sensor sends this signal to the engine computer, which in turn determines the ignition.

			Hall effect sensors are also used by some 3D printers to calculate the filament thickness. It is able to detect changes in the position of different elements of the 3D printer. Hall effect magnetometers, also known as Hall effect probes, are used to inspect for corrosion in tubing and pipelines using magnetic flux leakage. Magnetic flux leakage is the principle that in a steel structure with corrosion or pitting, the magnetic field will "leak" out anywhere there is metal missing. The Hall Effect probes use a specially calibrated Hall Effect sensor to measure the strength of the magnetic field, and the results are dependent upon the orientation of the probe.

	===Laboratory===		===Laboratory===

Nandanaavasarala: /* Simple */

2025-04-14T00:19:26Z

Simple

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 From the voltmeter reading we can deduce that the top of the block is positively charged and the bottom negatively charged. Thus, we check if positive mobile charge carriers satisfy this requirement. A positive charge moves with the conventional current, which in this case is from left to right, meaning its velocity would be in the positive x direction. When taking the cross product of the charge's velocity and the magnetic field (out of the page) we get a magnetic force pointing downward, thus meaning the positive charges would be forced downward as well. This is in conflict with the positive voltmeter reading and thus cannot be true. Next we check if negative charge carriers agree with the voltmeter readings. A negatively charged mobile charge carrier moves counter to the conventional current, in this case meaning it moves across the block from right to left resulting in a velocity in the negative x direction. When we take the cross product of this velocity and the magnetic field out of the page multiplied by the charge of the carrier we get a magnetic force pointing downwards (using F = q(v X B). This would result in the block's bottom being negatively charged and the top being positively charged. This result agrees with the given voltmeter reading. The mobile charge carriers are negative.
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Nandanaavasarala: /* History */

2025-04-13T23:12:22Z

History

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	The Hall Effect was discovered in 1879 by [[Edwin Hall]] while attending Johns Hopkins University for his Doctoral Degree. While a solid mathematical groundwork for electric and magnetic phenomenon had already been discovered by James Clark Maxwell, many of the physical implications and practical uses for these theories was still being explored. The interaction of magnetic and electric fields was a particularly hot topic. Hall exposed a gold leaf (metal slab) to a magnetic field perpendicular to its surface and had current flow through the slab. He observed a potential difference perpendicular to the current and also the magnetic field. This means that potential is observed not only in the direction of current flow as usual. This is what led to Hall's discovery of the Hall Effect, originally published in his paper [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2369245?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents\|"On a New Action of the Magnet on Electric Currents"].		The Hall Effect was discovered in 1879 by [[Edwin Hall]] while attending Johns Hopkins University for his Doctoral Degree. While a solid mathematical groundwork for electric and magnetic phenomenon had already been discovered by James Clark Maxwell, many of the physical implications and practical uses for these theories was still being explored. The interaction of magnetic and electric fields was a particularly hot topic. Hall exposed a gold leaf (metal slab) to a magnetic field perpendicular to its surface and had current flow through the slab. He observed a potential difference perpendicular to the current and also the magnetic field. This means that potential is observed not only in the direction of current flow as usual. This is what led to Hall's discovery of the Hall Effect, originally published in his paper [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2369245?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents\|"On a New Action of the Magnet on Electric Currents"].

			The Quantum Hall Effect was discovered in 1980 by Klaus von Klitzing, who won the Nobel Prize in 1985 for his work. He studied the movement of electrons in a 2D context between two semiconductors, and he found that when graphing the Hall Resistance vs. the field strength, the plot was not linear but instead resembled a staircase, with plateaus. The discovery that these plateaus represented some integer multiplied by a constant, meaning that they are quantized, revolutionized the field and became a standard of electrical resistance.

	==Conclusion: Tips to remember==		==Conclusion: Tips to remember==

Nandanaavasarala: /* The Main Idea */

2025-04-13T23:03:55Z

The Main Idea

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:03, 13 April 2025
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	===Part 3: Steady State (Magnetic Field Still Present, but abated)===		===Part 3: Steady State (Magnetic Field Still Present, but abated)===

	Over time massive quantities of charges are concentrated on one side of the block. As the charges build up, they will begin to create a charged area on one surface of the conductor. The charged surface will create an electric force to oppose the magnetic force that is pushing new electrons onto this charged surface. This opposing electric force is called the transverse electric force. When enough mobile charges have collected, their combined transverse electric force will be equal in magnitude to the magnetic force that is holding them. At this point, there is no net vertical force pushing more electrons against the surface of the conductor and these electrons will flow normally again, as they would if there was no magnetic field present. This is called the steady state.		Over time massive quantities of charges are concentrated on one side of the block. As the charges build up, they will begin to create a charged area on one surface of the conductor. The charged surface will create an electric force to oppose the magnetic force that is pushing new electrons onto this charged surface. This opposing electric force is called the transverse electric force. When enough mobile charges have collected, their combined transverse electric force will be equal in magnitude to the magnetic force that is holding them. At this point, there is no net vertical force pushing more electrons against the surface of the conductor and these electrons will flow normally again, as they would if there was no magnetic field present. This is called the steady state.

			===Extra: the Quantum Hall Effect===

			The quantum hall effect occurs in 2DES (2D Electron Systems) at very strong magnetic fields. 2DES are defined as materials where the electrons can only move in a 2D plane. As the magnetic field increases, there is resistance perpendicular to the material and parallel resistance due to the flow of electrons. As the magnetic field gets stronger, the parallel resistance begins to oscillate, while the perpendicular resistance begins to increase and then plateau. If the magnetic field is high enough, the value of the perpendicular resistance at these plateaus is constant.

	==A Mathematical Model==		==A Mathematical Model==

Nandanaavasarala at 22:48, 8 April 2025

2025-04-08T22:48:56Z

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	<h1><strong>Edited by Adeline Boswell Fall 2019, Edited by Alayna Baker Spring 2020</strong></h1>		<h1><strong>Edited by Adeline Boswell Fall 2019, Edited by Alayna Baker Spring 2020, Claimed by Nandana Avasarala (Spring 2025)</strong></h1>

	The Hall Effect is the electric polarization of a block or slab of metal that occurs when a current is run through it while it is subject to a magnetic field perpendicular to the current.		The Hall Effect is the electric polarization of a block or slab of metal that occurs when a current is run through it while it is subject to a magnetic field perpendicular to the current.

Alaynabaker at 01:51, 18 April 2020

2020-04-18T01:51:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:51, 17 April 2020
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	<h1><strong>Edited by Adeline Boswell Fall 2019</strong></h1>		<h1><strong>Edited by Adeline Boswell Fall 2019, Edited by Alayna Baker Spring 2020</strong></h1>

	The Hall Effect is the electric polarization of a block or slab of metal that occurs when a current is run through it while it is subject to a magnetic field perpendicular to the current.		The Hall Effect is the electric polarization of a block or slab of metal that occurs when a current is run through it while it is subject to a magnetic field perpendicular to the current.

Aboswell7 at 03:05, 25 November 2019

2019-11-25T03:05:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:05, 24 November 2019
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			<h1><strong>Edited by Adeline Boswell Fall 2019</strong></h1>

	The Hall Effect is the electric polarization of a block or slab of metal that occurs when a current is run through it while it is subject to a magnetic field perpendicular to the current.		The Hall Effect is the electric polarization of a block or slab of metal that occurs when a current is run through it while it is subject to a magnetic field perpendicular to the current.

Aboswell7: /* Simple */

2019-11-25T03:04:05Z

Simple

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:04, 24 November 2019
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	===Simple===		===Simple===
			[[File:Hall Effect 1.jpg]]
			[[File:Hall Effect 2.jpg]]
	[[File:Hall effect cenceptual 1.png]]		[[File:Hall effect cenceptual 1.png]]

Wpoe: /* Laboratory */

2019-08-15T00:02:03Z

Laboratory

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:02, 14 August 2019
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	Hall effect is also taken into consideration when hall probes are used as magnetometers.		Hall effect is also taken into consideration when hall probes are used as magnetometers.

	A Hall probe is used to measure the difference of magnetic flux perpendicular to its sensor. ~~this~~ information is then fed to magnetometers to help read the difference in magnetic fields.		A Hall probe is used to measure the difference of magnetic flux perpendicular to its sensor. This information is then fed to magnetometers to help read the difference in magnetic fields.

	~~This is a link to buys a hall~~ effect sensor~~. if you would ever want to buy one!~~		Hall effect sensor:
	http://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_nkw=hall+effect+sensor		http://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_nkw=hall+effect+sensor

	~~and here is where you can buy a magnetometer~~		Magnetometer:
	http://www.ebay.com/itm/EM2-EARTH-MAGNETOMETER-MAP-MAGNETIC-FIELDS-SURVEY-TOOL-/251324557405?hash=item3a841c685d:m:m8gnViuidubx7vMbMejiNNA		http://www.ebay.com/itm/EM2-EARTH-MAGNETOMETER-MAP-MAGNETIC-FIELDS-SURVEY-TOOL-/251324557405?hash=item3a841c685d:m:m8gnViuidubx7vMbMejiNNA

Wpoe: /* Applications */

2019-08-15T00:00:17Z

Applications

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	Links to the VIP Research: https://vip.gatech.edu/wiki/index.php/Vibrations https://vip.gatech.edu/wiki/index.php/Hall_Effect_Sensor		Links to the VIP Research: https://vip.gatech.edu/wiki/index.php/Vibrations https://vip.gatech.edu/wiki/index.php/Hall_Effect_Sensor

	====Industrial====		===Industrial===

	Hall Effects are used in industry to aid in the control of Hydraulic systems such as moving cranes and backhoes. It is also used to help sense a car wheel's motion to aid in the use of anti-skid/anti-lock brakes. Every smartphone today uses a hall effect sensor as well. This is how the digital compass of a cell phone works. The hall effect senses the change in magnetic field to approximate direction. Another great way of using the hall effect in smartphones is to lock the screen when a case cover is flipped. The cover has a magnet that the smartphone senses, so it locks the screen automatically when the cover is on the screen. A test for this feature can be seen in the following video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITbT5vrvhX8 .		Hall Effects are used in industry to aid in the control of Hydraulic systems such as moving cranes and backhoes. It is also used to help sense a car wheel's motion to aid in the use of anti-skid/anti-lock brakes. Every smartphone today uses a hall effect sensor as well. This is how the digital compass of a cell phone works. The hall effect senses the change in magnetic field to approximate direction. Another great way of using the hall effect in smartphones is to lock the screen when a case cover is flipped. The cover has a magnet that the smartphone senses, so it locks the screen automatically when the cover is on the screen. A test for this feature can be seen in the following video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITbT5vrvhX8 .