Electron transitions - Revision history

Atibrewala3 at 03:04, 23 April 2024

2024-04-23T03:04:10Z

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	~~<b>Edited~~ by Avirath Tibrewala(Spring 2024~~)</b>/n~~		EDITED by Avirath Tibrewala Spring 2024

	Electron transitions are the technical name for the phenomenon of electrons either gaining or losing energy resulting in a change to the radius of their orbit around an atom.		Electron transitions are the technical name for the phenomenon of electrons either gaining or losing energy resulting in a change to the radius of their orbit around an atom.

Atibrewala3 at 03:03, 23 April 2024

2024-04-23T03:03:31Z

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	<b>Edited by Avirath Tibrewala(Spring 2024)</b>		<b>Edited by Avirath Tibrewala(Spring 2024)</b>/n
	Electron transitions are the technical name for the phenomenon of electrons either gaining or losing energy resulting in a change to the radius of their orbit around an atom.		Electron transitions are the technical name for the phenomenon of electrons either gaining or losing energy resulting in a change to the radius of their orbit around an atom.

Atibrewala3 at 03:03, 23 April 2024

2024-04-23T03:03:19Z

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	##Edited by Avirath Tibrewala(Spring 2024)		<b>Edited by Avirath Tibrewala(Spring 2024)</b>
	Electron transitions are the technical name for the phenomenon of electrons either gaining or losing energy resulting in a change to the radius of their orbit around an atom.		Electron transitions are the technical name for the phenomenon of electrons either gaining or losing energy resulting in a change to the radius of their orbit around an atom.

Atibrewala3: name edit

2024-04-23T03:02:58Z

name edit

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			##Edited by Avirath Tibrewala(Spring 2024)
	Electron transitions are the technical name for the phenomenon of electrons either gaining or losing energy resulting in a change to the radius of their orbit around an atom.		Electron transitions are the technical name for the phenomenon of electrons either gaining or losing energy resulting in a change to the radius of their orbit around an atom.

Atibrewala3: applications of electron transitions in daily life

2024-04-23T03:01:13Z

applications of electron transitions in daily life

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	This experiment earned Franck and Hertz the Nobel Prize in physics in 1925, an honor Gustav's arguably more famous uncle never received.		This experiment earned Franck and Hertz the Nobel Prize in physics in 1925, an honor Gustav's arguably more famous uncle never received.

			==Real Life Applications of Electron Transitions==
			Electron transitions, while a fundamental aspect of atomic physics, are not just theoretical constructs confined to the laboratory. They are integral to many real-world phenomena and technologies that impact our daily lives in significant ways. Understanding these transitions can
			illuminate how certain everyday occurrences and essential technologies function. Here are a few key examples where electron transitions play a pivotal role:

			===Fluorescent and LED Lighting===

			One of the most common applications of electron transitions is in lighting—specifically in fluorescent lamps and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In a fluorescent lamp, electricity excites mercury vapor, which then emits ultraviolet (UV) light. This UV light is absorbed by a phosphor coating inside the lamp, causing the phosphor to fluoresce and emit visible light. The initial excitation of the mercury vapor involves electron transitions, where electrons absorb energy and move to higher energy states, then emit light as they return to their original states.

			LEDs operate on a similar principle but through a different mechanism involving semiconductors. When voltage is applied, electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in the form of photons. The energy level of these photons (and thus the color of the LED light) depends on the band gap of the materials used in the LED, which is directly related to electron transitions within the semiconductor material.

			===Solar Panels===

			Solar panels, or photovoltaic cells, convert sunlight into electricity using the photoelectric effect, which is fundamentally an electron transition. When photons from sunlight strike the photovoltaic material (commonly silicon), they can transfer enough energy to dislodge electrons from their atomic orbits. These freed electrons flow through the material to produce electricity. The efficiency of this process is heavily dependent on the ability of the electrons to absorb sufficient photon energy to overcome the binding energy determined by their specific energy levels in the silicon lattice.

			===Medical Imaging Techniques===

			Electron transitions are crucial in various medical imaging techniques, particularly in X-ray imaging and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). In X-ray machines, high-energy electrons strike a metal target, causing sudden deceleration and the emission of X-rays—again, a process involving changes in electron energy levels. These X-rays then pass through the body but are absorbed differently by different tissues, creating an image. MRI, on the other hand, involves the alignment of the magnetic moments of hydrogen atoms in water and fat molecules within the body when placed in a strong magnetic field. The subsequent application of a radiofrequency current alters the energy state of these magnetic moments, and as they return to their original alignment, they emit radio waves that can be used to construct detailed internal images.

			===Chemical Spectroscopy===

			In chemical spectroscopy, electron transitions provide critical information about the composition of substances. When molecules absorb light, electrons transition to higher energy levels. By analyzing the specific wavelengths of light absorbed (or emitted) during these transitions, chemists can deduce the structure of unknown substances, the concentration of solutions, and even the dynamics of chemical reactions. This application is pivotal in fields ranging from environmental monitoring and food safety to pharmaceutical development and forensic science.



	==History, Continued==		==History, Continued==

Jsullivan306: /* Jacquelyn Sullivan */

2023-11-29T23:40:09Z

Jacquelyn Sullivan

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	~~==Jacquelyn Sullivan==~~

	Electron transitions are the technical name for the phenomenon of electrons either gaining or losing energy resulting in a change to the radius of their orbit around an atom.		Electron transitions are the technical name for the phenomenon of electrons either gaining or losing energy resulting in a change to the radius of their orbit around an atom.

Jsullivan306 at 23:39, 29 November 2023

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	Jacquelyn Sullivan		==Jacquelyn Sullivan==

	Electron transitions are the technical name for the phenomenon of electrons either gaining or losing energy resulting in a change to the radius of their orbit around an atom.		Electron transitions are the technical name for the phenomenon of electrons either gaining or losing energy resulting in a change to the radius of their orbit around an atom.

Jsullivan306: /* History, Continued */

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History, Continued

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	In 1911 Rutherford demonstrated a positive nucleus center with a cloud of free electrons surrounding the nucleus, which disproved prior theories about the charges of particles within the atom being dispersed evenly. From this work Bohr was able to develop the Bohr model for the atom, and made the bold assertion that electrons can only exist a certain distance away from the nucleus in an attempt to explain the energy levels demonstrated by the orbiting electrons.		In 1911 Rutherford demonstrated a positive nucleus center with a cloud of free electrons surrounding the nucleus, which disproved prior theories about the charges of particles within the atom being dispersed evenly. From this work Bohr was able to develop the Bohr model for the atom, and made the bold assertion that electrons can only exist a certain distance away from the nucleus in an attempt to explain the energy levels demonstrated by the orbiting electrons.

	Today modern physicists known that Bohr was not completely correct, but he was close. In nature, electrons exist a certain radii away from the nucleus, in a ground state. These electrons can be excited by certain wavelengths of light, and this excitation causes the electrons to absorb a photon and move up an energy level. Electrons can even eventually leave the bound state of the radius and become ionized when they are hit with energy equal in magnitude to the energy of the ground state. This energy must be received in a single shot of light and cannot be cumulated overtime, which is why only certain wavelengths can excite electrons while others can not. When an electron absorbs a photon from light within the visible spectrum, they reflect the light which is opposite of them in the wavelength color wheel. A prime example of this is in transition metal chemistry. Transition metals in a coordination complex take on a high or low spin state, which affects the wavelength of light in which they will absorb. As the ligands bonded to the transition metal change, so do the spin and energy levels of the electrons in the d orbitals of the transition metals, and they become vibrant colors.		Today modern physicists known that Bohr was not completely correct, but he was close. In nature, electrons exist a certain radii away from the nucleus, in a ground state. These electrons can be excited by certain wavelengths of light, and this excitation causes the electrons to absorb a photon and move up an energy level. Electrons can even eventually leave the bound state of the radius and become ionized when they are hit with energy equal in magnitude to the energy of the ground state. This energy must be received in a single shot of light and cannot be cumulated overtime, which is why only certain wavelengths can excite electrons while others can not. When an electron absorbs a photon from light within the visible spectrum, they reflect the light which is opposite of them in the wavelength color wheel. A prime example of this is in transition metal chemistry. Transition metals in a coordination complex take on a high or low spin state, which affects the wavelength of light in which they will absorb. As the ligands bonded to the transition metal change, so do the spin and energy levels of the electrons in the d orbitals of the transition metals, and they become vibrant colors. (Jacquelyn Sullivan)

	== See also ==		== See also ==

Jsullivan306 at 23:38, 29 November 2023

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 Electron transitions are the technical name for the phenomenon of electrons either gaining or losing energy resulting in a change to the radius of their orbit around an atom.
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 This experiment earned Franck and Hertz the Nobel Prize in physics in 1925, an honor Gustav's arguably more famous uncle never received.
 == See also ==

Wpoe: /* References */

2019-07-04T00:12:09Z

References

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	==References==		==References==

	[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/FrHz.html]		*[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/FrHz.html]

	[https://www.glowscript.org/#/user/matterandinteractions/folder/matterandinteractions/program/08-Franck-Hertz]		*[https://www.glowscript.org/#/user/matterandinteractions/folder/matterandinteractions/program/08-Franck-Hertz]

			* Chabay, Ruth W., and Bruce A. Sherwood. Matter & Interactions. John Wiley & Sons, 2015.

			* Krane, Kenneth S. Modern Physics. New York: Wiley, 1983. Print.

	[[Category: Energy]]		[[Category: Energy]]