Physics Book - User contributions [en]

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-04T04:36:47Z

Yan49: /* Awards */

By yan49

[[File:HenryCavendish.jpg|200px|thumb|right|"Henry Cavendish"]]

==Personal Life==
[[File:hcav.gif|150px|thumb|left|This is one of Henry Cavendish's only portraits which was only estimated when drawn]]

===Early Life===
Henry Cavendish was born in Nice, France on October 10 ,1731. His father was Lord Charles Cavendish and his mother was Lady Anne Grey who died soon after Henry Cavendish was born. His family lineage traces across eight centuries and is closely connected to many wealthy families of Great Britain. He attended Dr. Newcomb's Hackney Academy in Hackney, England as a child. In 1749, he attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, but he left without a degree after three years. Because he was so shy, there are rumors that he was autistic. He did not socialize with anyone other than his close scientific colleagues.

===Adulthood===
After he left Cambridge, Henry Cavendish moved back to London to live with his father. He built a laboratory and a workshop there. He moved the laboratory to Clapham Common when his father died in 1783. Henry Cavendish never married and was very reserved, so there are not many records of his social life.

===Death===
Henry Cavendish died in London, England on February 24, 1810. He was known to be one of the wealthiest men in Britain, and he was buried in Derby Cathedral among many of his ancestors.

==Scientific Work==

Cavendish was a physicist and a chemist who determined the value of the universal constant of gravitation, created great impact on electrical studies, and discovered hydrogen and the composition of water. He was able to calculate the Earth's mass and introduced the concept of voltage.

Although Cavendish did not publish many works of his brilliant findings, his accuracy and precision in his findings are noted very impressive, and he set a new standard of accuracy in analytical chemistry.

==="Inflammable Air"===

Cavendish did most of his studies with quantitative measurements. Cavendish noticed that when zinc or iron was dropped into an acid, gas would form. He called this gas that would be produced "inflammable air" which turns out to be hydrogen. He was able to recognize this phenomenon when he calculated the densities of different gases. He noticed that when he burned a certain gas, it produced dew which he later found to be water. It was also much less dense than air. The formation of inflammable air was due to the action of dilute acids which are weakened acids on metals. Because he was wealthy, his equipment would have allowed him to measure precisely. Cavendish found that regular air is made up of nitrogen in a 4:1 ratio by volume. He also did studies in measuring heats of fusion and evaporation.

He would glint air with excess oxygen over alkali until there was not more absorption, and he noticed that a tiny amount of gas could not be further reduced. He finalized that gases that do not reduce to nitrous acid is no more than 1/120 part of the whole, and these gases are now known as noble gases.

His research on combustion made great contribution because he determined the composition of water (oxygen and hydrogen). This study was reported in an experiment by Joseph Priestley in which an explosion of two gases left moisture on previously dry surfaces. Expanding on this study, Cavendish studied this and got an approximate mathematical figure for its volume composition.

Cavendish also studied products of fermentation. Fermentation is a chemical reaction that divides complex organic compounds into simple molecules. He proved that the gas from fermentation is almost the same as the fixed air from chalk and magnesia which is modern day carbon dioxide.

===Electrical Studies===

Henry Cavendish compared the conductivity of equal solutions of electrolytes and concluded a version of Ohm's law which states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points. Although he did not publish many of his works, his colleagues were more than convinced that his conclusions were correct. Cavendish was not the first to explore an inverse-square law of electrostatic attraction, but his idea was the most effective because it was based on mathematical reasoning as well as electrical knowledge.

Cavendish was one of the first to explore conductivity in aqueous solutions. Although pure water does not conduct electricity, when there is a conductor, for example, salt, in the water, it is able to conduct electricity. He was able to find this by making a fish out of leather and wood soaked in salt water that represent organs of fish. He charged the imitation organs with Leyden jars to show that the results proved that the fish was able to produce electricity.

==="G" - The Gravitational Constant ===

[[File:cav.gif|170px|thumb|left|Sketch of Cavendish's apparatus]]
Henry Cavendish is also known for the Cavendish experiment in which he measured the force of gravity between masses in a lab in order to produce an accurate value for Earth's density. The machine he used was designed by Rev. John Michell, but Cavendish reconstructed many of the important parts. The machine depended on measuring the attraction on a horizontal bar that is suspended by a wire. The bar had a small lead ball at each end by two large masses of lead. Based on his results, the value for the gravitational constant is
[[File:real-eq.jpg|200px]]
and in modern days, the gravitational constant is about
[[File:G.jpg|150px]]

From this, we can see that Cavendish's value was very close to the modern day value.

==Awards==

Because Cavendish did not publish many of his works, he does not have as much recognition in awards as expected. However he did receive the Royal Society's Copley Medal for his paper on "factitious airs" which was his first publication of a combination of three short chemistry papers.

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

''Cavendish'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, American Philosophical Society, 1996, 414 pp.

''Cavendish: The Experimental Life'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, Bucknell University Press, 1999, 814 pp.

===External Links===

http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Bo-Ce/Cavendish-Henry.html

==References==

http://www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/HenryCavendish.html

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Cavendish-Henry.html

http://www.famousscientists.org/henry-cavendish/

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Cavendish.html

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-04T04:33:24Z

Yan49: /* "G" - The Gravitational Constant */

By yan49

[[File:HenryCavendish.jpg|200px|thumb|right|"Henry Cavendish"]]

==Personal Life==
[[File:hcav.gif|150px|thumb|left|This is one of Henry Cavendish's only portraits which was only estimated when drawn]]

===Early Life===
Henry Cavendish was born in Nice, France on October 10 ,1731. His father was Lord Charles Cavendish and his mother was Lady Anne Grey who died soon after Henry Cavendish was born. His family lineage traces across eight centuries and is closely connected to many wealthy families of Great Britain. He attended Dr. Newcomb's Hackney Academy in Hackney, England as a child. In 1749, he attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, but he left without a degree after three years. Because he was so shy, there are rumors that he was autistic. He did not socialize with anyone other than his close scientific colleagues.

===Adulthood===
After he left Cambridge, Henry Cavendish moved back to London to live with his father. He built a laboratory and a workshop there. He moved the laboratory to Clapham Common when his father died in 1783. Henry Cavendish never married and was very reserved, so there are not many records of his social life.

===Death===
Henry Cavendish died in London, England on February 24, 1810. He was known to be one of the wealthiest men in Britain, and he was buried in Derby Cathedral among many of his ancestors.

==Scientific Work==

Cavendish was a physicist and a chemist who determined the value of the universal constant of gravitation, created great impact on electrical studies, and discovered hydrogen and the composition of water. He was able to calculate the Earth's mass and introduced the concept of voltage.

Although Cavendish did not publish many works of his brilliant findings, his accuracy and precision in his findings are noted very impressive, and he set a new standard of accuracy in analytical chemistry.

==="Inflammable Air"===

Cavendish did most of his studies with quantitative measurements. Cavendish noticed that when zinc or iron was dropped into an acid, gas would form. He called this gas that would be produced "inflammable air" which turns out to be hydrogen. He was able to recognize this phenomenon when he calculated the densities of different gases. He noticed that when he burned a certain gas, it produced dew which he later found to be water. It was also much less dense than air. The formation of inflammable air was due to the action of dilute acids which are weakened acids on metals. Because he was wealthy, his equipment would have allowed him to measure precisely. Cavendish found that regular air is made up of nitrogen in a 4:1 ratio by volume. He also did studies in measuring heats of fusion and evaporation.

He would glint air with excess oxygen over alkali until there was not more absorption, and he noticed that a tiny amount of gas could not be further reduced. He finalized that gases that do not reduce to nitrous acid is no more than 1/120 part of the whole, and these gases are now known as noble gases.

His research on combustion made great contribution because he determined the composition of water (oxygen and hydrogen). This study was reported in an experiment by Joseph Priestley in which an explosion of two gases left moisture on previously dry surfaces. Expanding on this study, Cavendish studied this and got an approximate mathematical figure for its volume composition.

Cavendish also studied products of fermentation. Fermentation is a chemical reaction that divides complex organic compounds into simple molecules. He proved that the gas from fermentation is almost the same as the fixed air from chalk and magnesia which is modern day carbon dioxide.

===Electrical Studies===

Henry Cavendish compared the conductivity of equal solutions of electrolytes and concluded a version of Ohm's law which states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points. Although he did not publish many of his works, his colleagues were more than convinced that his conclusions were correct. Cavendish was not the first to explore an inverse-square law of electrostatic attraction, but his idea was the most effective because it was based on mathematical reasoning as well as electrical knowledge.

Cavendish was one of the first to explore conductivity in aqueous solutions. Although pure water does not conduct electricity, when there is a conductor, for example, salt, in the water, it is able to conduct electricity. He was able to find this by making a fish out of leather and wood soaked in salt water that represent organs of fish. He charged the imitation organs with Leyden jars to show that the results proved that the fish was able to produce electricity.

==="G" - The Gravitational Constant ===

[[File:cav.gif|170px|thumb|left|Sketch of Cavendish's apparatus]]
Henry Cavendish is also known for the Cavendish experiment in which he measured the force of gravity between masses in a lab in order to produce an accurate value for Earth's density. The machine he used was designed by Rev. John Michell, but Cavendish reconstructed many of the important parts. The machine depended on measuring the attraction on a horizontal bar that is suspended by a wire. The bar had a small lead ball at each end by two large masses of lead. Based on his results, the value for the gravitational constant is
[[File:real-eq.jpg|200px]]
and in modern days, the gravitational constant is about
[[File:G.jpg|150px]]

From this, we can see that Cavendish's value was very close to the modern day value.

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

''Cavendish'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, American Philosophical Society, 1996, 414 pp.

''Cavendish: The Experimental Life'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, Bucknell University Press, 1999, 814 pp.

===External Links===

http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Bo-Ce/Cavendish-Henry.html

==References==

http://www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/HenryCavendish.html

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Cavendish-Henry.html

http://www.famousscientists.org/henry-cavendish/

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Cavendish.html

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

File:Real-eq.jpg

2015-12-04T04:25:22Z

Yan49:

File:G-old.jpg

2015-12-04T04:23:35Z

Yan49:

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-04T04:23:08Z

Yan49: /* "G" - The Gravitational Constant */

By yan49

[[File:HenryCavendish.jpg|200px|thumb|right|"Henry Cavendish"]]

==Personal Life==
[[File:hcav.gif|150px|thumb|left|This is one of Henry Cavendish's only portraits which was only estimated when drawn]]

===Early Life===
Henry Cavendish was born in Nice, France on October 10 ,1731. His father was Lord Charles Cavendish and his mother was Lady Anne Grey who died soon after Henry Cavendish was born. His family lineage traces across eight centuries and is closely connected to many wealthy families of Great Britain. He attended Dr. Newcomb's Hackney Academy in Hackney, England as a child. In 1749, he attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, but he left without a degree after three years. Because he was so shy, there are rumors that he was autistic. He did not socialize with anyone other than his close scientific colleagues.

===Adulthood===
After he left Cambridge, Henry Cavendish moved back to London to live with his father. He built a laboratory and a workshop there. He moved the laboratory to Clapham Common when his father died in 1783. Henry Cavendish never married and was very reserved, so there are not many records of his social life.

===Death===
Henry Cavendish died in London, England on February 24, 1810. He was known to be one of the wealthiest men in Britain, and he was buried in Derby Cathedral among many of his ancestors.

==Scientific Work==

Cavendish was a physicist and a chemist who determined the value of the universal constant of gravitation, created great impact on electrical studies, and discovered hydrogen and the composition of water. He was able to calculate the Earth's mass and introduced the concept of voltage.

Although Cavendish did not publish many works of his brilliant findings, his accuracy and precision in his findings are noted very impressive, and he set a new standard of accuracy in analytical chemistry.

==="Inflammable Air"===

Cavendish did most of his studies with quantitative measurements. Cavendish noticed that when zinc or iron was dropped into an acid, gas would form. He called this gas that would be produced "inflammable air" which turns out to be hydrogen. He was able to recognize this phenomenon when he calculated the densities of different gases. He noticed that when he burned a certain gas, it produced dew which he later found to be water. It was also much less dense than air. The formation of inflammable air was due to the action of dilute acids which are weakened acids on metals. Because he was wealthy, his equipment would have allowed him to measure precisely. Cavendish found that regular air is made up of nitrogen in a 4:1 ratio by volume. He also did studies in measuring heats of fusion and evaporation.

He would glint air with excess oxygen over alkali until there was not more absorption, and he noticed that a tiny amount of gas could not be further reduced. He finalized that gases that do not reduce to nitrous acid is no more than 1/120 part of the whole, and these gases are now known as noble gases.

His research on combustion made great contribution because he determined the composition of water (oxygen and hydrogen). This study was reported in an experiment by Joseph Priestley in which an explosion of two gases left moisture on previously dry surfaces. Expanding on this study, Cavendish studied this and got an approximate mathematical figure for its volume composition.

Cavendish also studied products of fermentation. Fermentation is a chemical reaction that divides complex organic compounds into simple molecules. He proved that the gas from fermentation is almost the same as the fixed air from chalk and magnesia which is modern day carbon dioxide.

===Electrical Studies===

Henry Cavendish compared the conductivity of equal solutions of electrolytes and concluded a version of Ohm's law which states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points. Although he did not publish many of his works, his colleagues were more than convinced that his conclusions were correct. Cavendish was not the first to explore an inverse-square law of electrostatic attraction, but his idea was the most effective because it was based on mathematical reasoning as well as electrical knowledge.

Cavendish was one of the first to explore conductivity in aqueous solutions. Although pure water does not conduct electricity, when there is a conductor, for example, salt, in the water, it is able to conduct electricity. He was able to find this by making a fish out of leather and wood soaked in salt water that represent organs of fish. He charged the imitation organs with Leyden jars to show that the results proved that the fish was able to produce electricity.

==="G" - The Gravitational Constant ===

[[File:cav.gif|200px|thumb|left|Sketch of Cavendish's apparatus]]
Henry Cavendish is also known for the Cavendish experiment in which he measured the force of gravity between masses in a lab in order to produce an accurate value for Earth's density. The machine he used was designed by Rev. John Michell, but Cavendish reconstructed many of the important parts. The machine depended on measuring the attraction on a horizontal bar that is suspended by a wire. The bar had a small lead ball at each end by two large masses of lead. Based on his results,

and in modern days,
[[File:G.jpg|200px|Modern Day Gravitational constant]]

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

''Cavendish'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, American Philosophical Society, 1996, 414 pp.

''Cavendish: The Experimental Life'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, Bucknell University Press, 1999, 814 pp.

===External Links===

http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Bo-Ce/Cavendish-Henry.html

==References==

http://www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/HenryCavendish.html

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Cavendish-Henry.html

http://www.famousscientists.org/henry-cavendish/

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Cavendish.html

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-04T04:18:41Z

Yan49: /* "G" - The Gravitational Constant */

By yan49

[[File:HenryCavendish.jpg|200px|thumb|right|"Henry Cavendish"]]

==Personal Life==
[[File:hcav.gif|150px|thumb|left|This is one of Henry Cavendish's only portraits which was only estimated when drawn]]

===Early Life===
Henry Cavendish was born in Nice, France on October 10 ,1731. His father was Lord Charles Cavendish and his mother was Lady Anne Grey who died soon after Henry Cavendish was born. His family lineage traces across eight centuries and is closely connected to many wealthy families of Great Britain. He attended Dr. Newcomb's Hackney Academy in Hackney, England as a child. In 1749, he attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, but he left without a degree after three years. Because he was so shy, there are rumors that he was autistic. He did not socialize with anyone other than his close scientific colleagues.

===Adulthood===
After he left Cambridge, Henry Cavendish moved back to London to live with his father. He built a laboratory and a workshop there. He moved the laboratory to Clapham Common when his father died in 1783. Henry Cavendish never married and was very reserved, so there are not many records of his social life.

===Death===
Henry Cavendish died in London, England on February 24, 1810. He was known to be one of the wealthiest men in Britain, and he was buried in Derby Cathedral among many of his ancestors.

==Scientific Work==

Cavendish was a physicist and a chemist who determined the value of the universal constant of gravitation, created great impact on electrical studies, and discovered hydrogen and the composition of water. He was able to calculate the Earth's mass and introduced the concept of voltage.

Although Cavendish did not publish many works of his brilliant findings, his accuracy and precision in his findings are noted very impressive, and he set a new standard of accuracy in analytical chemistry.

==="Inflammable Air"===

Cavendish did most of his studies with quantitative measurements. Cavendish noticed that when zinc or iron was dropped into an acid, gas would form. He called this gas that would be produced "inflammable air" which turns out to be hydrogen. He was able to recognize this phenomenon when he calculated the densities of different gases. He noticed that when he burned a certain gas, it produced dew which he later found to be water. It was also much less dense than air. The formation of inflammable air was due to the action of dilute acids which are weakened acids on metals. Because he was wealthy, his equipment would have allowed him to measure precisely. Cavendish found that regular air is made up of nitrogen in a 4:1 ratio by volume. He also did studies in measuring heats of fusion and evaporation.

He would glint air with excess oxygen over alkali until there was not more absorption, and he noticed that a tiny amount of gas could not be further reduced. He finalized that gases that do not reduce to nitrous acid is no more than 1/120 part of the whole, and these gases are now known as noble gases.

His research on combustion made great contribution because he determined the composition of water (oxygen and hydrogen). This study was reported in an experiment by Joseph Priestley in which an explosion of two gases left moisture on previously dry surfaces. Expanding on this study, Cavendish studied this and got an approximate mathematical figure for its volume composition.

Cavendish also studied products of fermentation. Fermentation is a chemical reaction that divides complex organic compounds into simple molecules. He proved that the gas from fermentation is almost the same as the fixed air from chalk and magnesia which is modern day carbon dioxide.

===Electrical Studies===

Henry Cavendish compared the conductivity of equal solutions of electrolytes and concluded a version of Ohm's law which states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points. Although he did not publish many of his works, his colleagues were more than convinced that his conclusions were correct. Cavendish was not the first to explore an inverse-square law of electrostatic attraction, but his idea was the most effective because it was based on mathematical reasoning as well as electrical knowledge.

Cavendish was one of the first to explore conductivity in aqueous solutions. Although pure water does not conduct electricity, when there is a conductor, for example, salt, in the water, it is able to conduct electricity. He was able to find this by making a fish out of leather and wood soaked in salt water that represent organs of fish. He charged the imitation organs with Leyden jars to show that the results proved that the fish was able to produce electricity.

==="G" - The Gravitational Constant ===

[[File:cav.gif|200px|thumb|left|Sketch of Cavendish's apparatus]]
Henry Cavendish is also known for the Cavendish experiment in which he measured the force of gravity between masses in a lab in order to produce an accurate value for Earth's density. The machine he used was designed by Rev. John Michell, but Cavendish reconstructed many of the important parts. The machine depended on measuring the attraction on a horizontal bar that is suspended by a wire. The bar had a small lead ball at each end by two large masses of lead. Based on his results,
G = 6.754 x 10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2
and in modern days,
[[File:G.jpg|200px|Modern Day Gravitational constant]]

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

''Cavendish'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, American Philosophical Society, 1996, 414 pp.

''Cavendish: The Experimental Life'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, Bucknell University Press, 1999, 814 pp.

===External Links===

http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Bo-Ce/Cavendish-Henry.html

==References==

http://www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/HenryCavendish.html

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Cavendish-Henry.html

http://www.famousscientists.org/henry-cavendish/

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Cavendish.html

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-04T04:18:25Z

Yan49: /* "G" - The Gravitational Constant */

By yan49

[[File:HenryCavendish.jpg|200px|thumb|right|"Henry Cavendish"]]

==Personal Life==
[[File:hcav.gif|150px|thumb|left|This is one of Henry Cavendish's only portraits which was only estimated when drawn]]

===Early Life===
Henry Cavendish was born in Nice, France on October 10 ,1731. His father was Lord Charles Cavendish and his mother was Lady Anne Grey who died soon after Henry Cavendish was born. His family lineage traces across eight centuries and is closely connected to many wealthy families of Great Britain. He attended Dr. Newcomb's Hackney Academy in Hackney, England as a child. In 1749, he attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, but he left without a degree after three years. Because he was so shy, there are rumors that he was autistic. He did not socialize with anyone other than his close scientific colleagues.

===Adulthood===
After he left Cambridge, Henry Cavendish moved back to London to live with his father. He built a laboratory and a workshop there. He moved the laboratory to Clapham Common when his father died in 1783. Henry Cavendish never married and was very reserved, so there are not many records of his social life.

===Death===
Henry Cavendish died in London, England on February 24, 1810. He was known to be one of the wealthiest men in Britain, and he was buried in Derby Cathedral among many of his ancestors.

==Scientific Work==

Cavendish was a physicist and a chemist who determined the value of the universal constant of gravitation, created great impact on electrical studies, and discovered hydrogen and the composition of water. He was able to calculate the Earth's mass and introduced the concept of voltage.

Although Cavendish did not publish many works of his brilliant findings, his accuracy and precision in his findings are noted very impressive, and he set a new standard of accuracy in analytical chemistry.

==="Inflammable Air"===

Cavendish did most of his studies with quantitative measurements. Cavendish noticed that when zinc or iron was dropped into an acid, gas would form. He called this gas that would be produced "inflammable air" which turns out to be hydrogen. He was able to recognize this phenomenon when he calculated the densities of different gases. He noticed that when he burned a certain gas, it produced dew which he later found to be water. It was also much less dense than air. The formation of inflammable air was due to the action of dilute acids which are weakened acids on metals. Because he was wealthy, his equipment would have allowed him to measure precisely. Cavendish found that regular air is made up of nitrogen in a 4:1 ratio by volume. He also did studies in measuring heats of fusion and evaporation.

He would glint air with excess oxygen over alkali until there was not more absorption, and he noticed that a tiny amount of gas could not be further reduced. He finalized that gases that do not reduce to nitrous acid is no more than 1/120 part of the whole, and these gases are now known as noble gases.

His research on combustion made great contribution because he determined the composition of water (oxygen and hydrogen). This study was reported in an experiment by Joseph Priestley in which an explosion of two gases left moisture on previously dry surfaces. Expanding on this study, Cavendish studied this and got an approximate mathematical figure for its volume composition.

Cavendish also studied products of fermentation. Fermentation is a chemical reaction that divides complex organic compounds into simple molecules. He proved that the gas from fermentation is almost the same as the fixed air from chalk and magnesia which is modern day carbon dioxide.

===Electrical Studies===

Henry Cavendish compared the conductivity of equal solutions of electrolytes and concluded a version of Ohm's law which states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points. Although he did not publish many of his works, his colleagues were more than convinced that his conclusions were correct. Cavendish was not the first to explore an inverse-square law of electrostatic attraction, but his idea was the most effective because it was based on mathematical reasoning as well as electrical knowledge.

Cavendish was one of the first to explore conductivity in aqueous solutions. Although pure water does not conduct electricity, when there is a conductor, for example, salt, in the water, it is able to conduct electricity. He was able to find this by making a fish out of leather and wood soaked in salt water that represent organs of fish. He charged the imitation organs with Leyden jars to show that the results proved that the fish was able to produce electricity.

==="G" - The Gravitational Constant ===

[[File:cav.gif|300px|thumb|left|Sketch of Cavendish's apparatus]]
Henry Cavendish is also known for the Cavendish experiment in which he measured the force of gravity between masses in a lab in order to produce an accurate value for Earth's density. The machine he used was designed by Rev. John Michell, but Cavendish reconstructed many of the important parts. The machine depended on measuring the attraction on a horizontal bar that is suspended by a wire. The bar had a small lead ball at each end by two large masses of lead. Based on his results,
G = 6.754 x 10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2
and in modern days,
[[File:G.jpg|200px|Modern Day Gravitational constant]]

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

''Cavendish'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, American Philosophical Society, 1996, 414 pp.

''Cavendish: The Experimental Life'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, Bucknell University Press, 1999, 814 pp.

===External Links===

http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Bo-Ce/Cavendish-Henry.html

==References==

http://www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/HenryCavendish.html

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Cavendish-Henry.html

http://www.famousscientists.org/henry-cavendish/

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Cavendish.html

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

File:Cav.gif

2015-12-04T04:17:22Z

Yan49:

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-04T04:15:32Z

Yan49: /* "G" - The Gravitational Constant */

By yan49

[[File:HenryCavendish.jpg|200px|thumb|right|"Henry Cavendish"]]

==Personal Life==
[[File:hcav.gif|150px|thumb|left|This is one of Henry Cavendish's only portraits which was only estimated when drawn]]

===Early Life===
Henry Cavendish was born in Nice, France on October 10 ,1731. His father was Lord Charles Cavendish and his mother was Lady Anne Grey who died soon after Henry Cavendish was born. His family lineage traces across eight centuries and is closely connected to many wealthy families of Great Britain. He attended Dr. Newcomb's Hackney Academy in Hackney, England as a child. In 1749, he attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, but he left without a degree after three years. Because he was so shy, there are rumors that he was autistic. He did not socialize with anyone other than his close scientific colleagues.

===Adulthood===
After he left Cambridge, Henry Cavendish moved back to London to live with his father. He built a laboratory and a workshop there. He moved the laboratory to Clapham Common when his father died in 1783. Henry Cavendish never married and was very reserved, so there are not many records of his social life.

===Death===
Henry Cavendish died in London, England on February 24, 1810. He was known to be one of the wealthiest men in Britain, and he was buried in Derby Cathedral among many of his ancestors.

==Scientific Work==

Cavendish was a physicist and a chemist who determined the value of the universal constant of gravitation, created great impact on electrical studies, and discovered hydrogen and the composition of water. He was able to calculate the Earth's mass and introduced the concept of voltage.

Although Cavendish did not publish many works of his brilliant findings, his accuracy and precision in his findings are noted very impressive, and he set a new standard of accuracy in analytical chemistry.

==="Inflammable Air"===

Cavendish did most of his studies with quantitative measurements. Cavendish noticed that when zinc or iron was dropped into an acid, gas would form. He called this gas that would be produced "inflammable air" which turns out to be hydrogen. He was able to recognize this phenomenon when he calculated the densities of different gases. He noticed that when he burned a certain gas, it produced dew which he later found to be water. It was also much less dense than air. The formation of inflammable air was due to the action of dilute acids which are weakened acids on metals. Because he was wealthy, his equipment would have allowed him to measure precisely. Cavendish found that regular air is made up of nitrogen in a 4:1 ratio by volume. He also did studies in measuring heats of fusion and evaporation.

He would glint air with excess oxygen over alkali until there was not more absorption, and he noticed that a tiny amount of gas could not be further reduced. He finalized that gases that do not reduce to nitrous acid is no more than 1/120 part of the whole, and these gases are now known as noble gases.

His research on combustion made great contribution because he determined the composition of water (oxygen and hydrogen). This study was reported in an experiment by Joseph Priestley in which an explosion of two gases left moisture on previously dry surfaces. Expanding on this study, Cavendish studied this and got an approximate mathematical figure for its volume composition.

Cavendish also studied products of fermentation. Fermentation is a chemical reaction that divides complex organic compounds into simple molecules. He proved that the gas from fermentation is almost the same as the fixed air from chalk and magnesia which is modern day carbon dioxide.

===Electrical Studies===

Henry Cavendish compared the conductivity of equal solutions of electrolytes and concluded a version of Ohm's law which states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points. Although he did not publish many of his works, his colleagues were more than convinced that his conclusions were correct. Cavendish was not the first to explore an inverse-square law of electrostatic attraction, but his idea was the most effective because it was based on mathematical reasoning as well as electrical knowledge.

Cavendish was one of the first to explore conductivity in aqueous solutions. Although pure water does not conduct electricity, when there is a conductor, for example, salt, in the water, it is able to conduct electricity. He was able to find this by making a fish out of leather and wood soaked in salt water that represent organs of fish. He charged the imitation organs with Leyden jars to show that the results proved that the fish was able to produce electricity.

==="G" - The Gravitational Constant ===

Henry Cavendish is also known for the Cavendish experiment in which he measured the force of gravity between masses in a lab in order to produce an accurate value for Earth's density. The machine he used was designed by Rev. John Michell, but Cavendish reconstructed many of the important parts. The machine depended on measuring the attraction on a horizontal bar that is suspended by a wire. The bar had a small lead ball at each end by two large masses of lead. Based on his results,
G = 6.754 x 10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2
and in modern days,
[[File:G.jpg|200px|Modern Day Gravitational constant]]

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

''Cavendish'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, American Philosophical Society, 1996, 414 pp.

''Cavendish: The Experimental Life'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, Bucknell University Press, 1999, 814 pp.

===External Links===

http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Bo-Ce/Cavendish-Henry.html

==References==

http://www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/HenryCavendish.html

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Cavendish-Henry.html

http://www.famousscientists.org/henry-cavendish/

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Cavendish.html

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-04T04:14:07Z

Yan49: /* "G" - The Gravitational Constant */

By yan49

[[File:HenryCavendish.jpg|200px|thumb|right|"Henry Cavendish"]]

==Personal Life==
[[File:hcav.gif|150px|thumb|left|This is one of Henry Cavendish's only portraits which was only estimated when drawn]]

===Early Life===
Henry Cavendish was born in Nice, France on October 10 ,1731. His father was Lord Charles Cavendish and his mother was Lady Anne Grey who died soon after Henry Cavendish was born. His family lineage traces across eight centuries and is closely connected to many wealthy families of Great Britain. He attended Dr. Newcomb's Hackney Academy in Hackney, England as a child. In 1749, he attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, but he left without a degree after three years. Because he was so shy, there are rumors that he was autistic. He did not socialize with anyone other than his close scientific colleagues.

===Adulthood===
After he left Cambridge, Henry Cavendish moved back to London to live with his father. He built a laboratory and a workshop there. He moved the laboratory to Clapham Common when his father died in 1783. Henry Cavendish never married and was very reserved, so there are not many records of his social life.

===Death===
Henry Cavendish died in London, England on February 24, 1810. He was known to be one of the wealthiest men in Britain, and he was buried in Derby Cathedral among many of his ancestors.

==Scientific Work==

Cavendish was a physicist and a chemist who determined the value of the universal constant of gravitation, created great impact on electrical studies, and discovered hydrogen and the composition of water. He was able to calculate the Earth's mass and introduced the concept of voltage.

Although Cavendish did not publish many works of his brilliant findings, his accuracy and precision in his findings are noted very impressive, and he set a new standard of accuracy in analytical chemistry.

==="Inflammable Air"===

Cavendish did most of his studies with quantitative measurements. Cavendish noticed that when zinc or iron was dropped into an acid, gas would form. He called this gas that would be produced "inflammable air" which turns out to be hydrogen. He was able to recognize this phenomenon when he calculated the densities of different gases. He noticed that when he burned a certain gas, it produced dew which he later found to be water. It was also much less dense than air. The formation of inflammable air was due to the action of dilute acids which are weakened acids on metals. Because he was wealthy, his equipment would have allowed him to measure precisely. Cavendish found that regular air is made up of nitrogen in a 4:1 ratio by volume. He also did studies in measuring heats of fusion and evaporation.

He would glint air with excess oxygen over alkali until there was not more absorption, and he noticed that a tiny amount of gas could not be further reduced. He finalized that gases that do not reduce to nitrous acid is no more than 1/120 part of the whole, and these gases are now known as noble gases.

His research on combustion made great contribution because he determined the composition of water (oxygen and hydrogen). This study was reported in an experiment by Joseph Priestley in which an explosion of two gases left moisture on previously dry surfaces. Expanding on this study, Cavendish studied this and got an approximate mathematical figure for its volume composition.

Cavendish also studied products of fermentation. Fermentation is a chemical reaction that divides complex organic compounds into simple molecules. He proved that the gas from fermentation is almost the same as the fixed air from chalk and magnesia which is modern day carbon dioxide.

===Electrical Studies===

Henry Cavendish compared the conductivity of equal solutions of electrolytes and concluded a version of Ohm's law which states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points. Although he did not publish many of his works, his colleagues were more than convinced that his conclusions were correct. Cavendish was not the first to explore an inverse-square law of electrostatic attraction, but his idea was the most effective because it was based on mathematical reasoning as well as electrical knowledge.

Cavendish was one of the first to explore conductivity in aqueous solutions. Although pure water does not conduct electricity, when there is a conductor, for example, salt, in the water, it is able to conduct electricity. He was able to find this by making a fish out of leather and wood soaked in salt water that represent organs of fish. He charged the imitation organs with Leyden jars to show that the results proved that the fish was able to produce electricity.

==="G" - The Gravitational Constant ===

Henry Cavendish is also known for the Cavendish experiment in which he measured the force of gravity between masses in a lab in order to produce an accurate value for Earth's density. The machine he used was designed by Rev. John Michell, but Cavendish reconstructed many of the important parts. The machine depended on measuring the attraction on a horizontal bar that is suspended by a wire. The bar had a small lead ball at each end by two large masses of lead. Based on his results, G = 6.754 x 10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2, and in modern days, G = 6.67428 x 10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2.

[[File:G.jpg|200px|Modern Day Gravitational constant]]

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

''Cavendish'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, American Philosophical Society, 1996, 414 pp.

''Cavendish: The Experimental Life'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, Bucknell University Press, 1999, 814 pp.

===External Links===

http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Bo-Ce/Cavendish-Henry.html

==References==

http://www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/HenryCavendish.html

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Cavendish-Henry.html

http://www.famousscientists.org/henry-cavendish/

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Cavendish.html

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

File:G.jpg

2015-12-04T04:12:35Z

Yan49:

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-04T04:12:04Z

Yan49: /* "G" - The Gravitational Constant */

By yan49

[[File:HenryCavendish.jpg|200px|thumb|right|"Henry Cavendish"]]

==Personal Life==
[[File:hcav.gif|150px|thumb|left|This is one of Henry Cavendish's only portraits which was only estimated when drawn]]

===Early Life===
Henry Cavendish was born in Nice, France on October 10 ,1731. His father was Lord Charles Cavendish and his mother was Lady Anne Grey who died soon after Henry Cavendish was born. His family lineage traces across eight centuries and is closely connected to many wealthy families of Great Britain. He attended Dr. Newcomb's Hackney Academy in Hackney, England as a child. In 1749, he attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, but he left without a degree after three years. Because he was so shy, there are rumors that he was autistic. He did not socialize with anyone other than his close scientific colleagues.

===Adulthood===
After he left Cambridge, Henry Cavendish moved back to London to live with his father. He built a laboratory and a workshop there. He moved the laboratory to Clapham Common when his father died in 1783. Henry Cavendish never married and was very reserved, so there are not many records of his social life.

===Death===
Henry Cavendish died in London, England on February 24, 1810. He was known to be one of the wealthiest men in Britain, and he was buried in Derby Cathedral among many of his ancestors.

==Scientific Work==

Cavendish was a physicist and a chemist who determined the value of the universal constant of gravitation, created great impact on electrical studies, and discovered hydrogen and the composition of water. He was able to calculate the Earth's mass and introduced the concept of voltage.

Although Cavendish did not publish many works of his brilliant findings, his accuracy and precision in his findings are noted very impressive, and he set a new standard of accuracy in analytical chemistry.

==="Inflammable Air"===

Cavendish did most of his studies with quantitative measurements. Cavendish noticed that when zinc or iron was dropped into an acid, gas would form. He called this gas that would be produced "inflammable air" which turns out to be hydrogen. He was able to recognize this phenomenon when he calculated the densities of different gases. He noticed that when he burned a certain gas, it produced dew which he later found to be water. It was also much less dense than air. The formation of inflammable air was due to the action of dilute acids which are weakened acids on metals. Because he was wealthy, his equipment would have allowed him to measure precisely. Cavendish found that regular air is made up of nitrogen in a 4:1 ratio by volume. He also did studies in measuring heats of fusion and evaporation.

He would glint air with excess oxygen over alkali until there was not more absorption, and he noticed that a tiny amount of gas could not be further reduced. He finalized that gases that do not reduce to nitrous acid is no more than 1/120 part of the whole, and these gases are now known as noble gases.

His research on combustion made great contribution because he determined the composition of water (oxygen and hydrogen). This study was reported in an experiment by Joseph Priestley in which an explosion of two gases left moisture on previously dry surfaces. Expanding on this study, Cavendish studied this and got an approximate mathematical figure for its volume composition.

Cavendish also studied products of fermentation. Fermentation is a chemical reaction that divides complex organic compounds into simple molecules. He proved that the gas from fermentation is almost the same as the fixed air from chalk and magnesia which is modern day carbon dioxide.

===Electrical Studies===

Henry Cavendish compared the conductivity of equal solutions of electrolytes and concluded a version of Ohm's law which states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points. Although he did not publish many of his works, his colleagues were more than convinced that his conclusions were correct. Cavendish was not the first to explore an inverse-square law of electrostatic attraction, but his idea was the most effective because it was based on mathematical reasoning as well as electrical knowledge.

Cavendish was one of the first to explore conductivity in aqueous solutions. Although pure water does not conduct electricity, when there is a conductor, for example, salt, in the water, it is able to conduct electricity. He was able to find this by making a fish out of leather and wood soaked in salt water that represent organs of fish. He charged the imitation organs with Leyden jars to show that the results proved that the fish was able to produce electricity.

==="G" - The Gravitational Constant ===

Henry Cavendish is also known for the Cavendish experiment in which he measured the force of gravity between masses in a lab in order to produce an accurate value for Earth's density. The machine he used was designed by Rev. John Michell, but Cavendish reconstructed many of the important parts. The machine depended on measuring the attraction on a horizontal bar that is suspended by a wire. The bar had a small lead ball at each end by two large masses of lead. Based on his results, G = 6.754 x 10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2, and in modern days, G = 6.67428 x 10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2.

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

''Cavendish'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, American Philosophical Society, 1996, 414 pp.

''Cavendish: The Experimental Life'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, Bucknell University Press, 1999, 814 pp.

===External Links===

http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Bo-Ce/Cavendish-Henry.html

==References==

http://www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/HenryCavendish.html

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Cavendish-Henry.html

http://www.famousscientists.org/henry-cavendish/

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Cavendish.html

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-04T04:11:20Z

Yan49: /* "G" - The Gravitational Constant */

By yan49

[[File:HenryCavendish.jpg|200px|thumb|right|"Henry Cavendish"]]

==Personal Life==
[[File:hcav.gif|150px|thumb|left|This is one of Henry Cavendish's only portraits which was only estimated when drawn]]

===Early Life===
Henry Cavendish was born in Nice, France on October 10 ,1731. His father was Lord Charles Cavendish and his mother was Lady Anne Grey who died soon after Henry Cavendish was born. His family lineage traces across eight centuries and is closely connected to many wealthy families of Great Britain. He attended Dr. Newcomb's Hackney Academy in Hackney, England as a child. In 1749, he attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, but he left without a degree after three years. Because he was so shy, there are rumors that he was autistic. He did not socialize with anyone other than his close scientific colleagues.

===Adulthood===
After he left Cambridge, Henry Cavendish moved back to London to live with his father. He built a laboratory and a workshop there. He moved the laboratory to Clapham Common when his father died in 1783. Henry Cavendish never married and was very reserved, so there are not many records of his social life.

===Death===
Henry Cavendish died in London, England on February 24, 1810. He was known to be one of the wealthiest men in Britain, and he was buried in Derby Cathedral among many of his ancestors.

==Scientific Work==

Cavendish was a physicist and a chemist who determined the value of the universal constant of gravitation, created great impact on electrical studies, and discovered hydrogen and the composition of water. He was able to calculate the Earth's mass and introduced the concept of voltage.

Although Cavendish did not publish many works of his brilliant findings, his accuracy and precision in his findings are noted very impressive, and he set a new standard of accuracy in analytical chemistry.

==="Inflammable Air"===

Cavendish did most of his studies with quantitative measurements. Cavendish noticed that when zinc or iron was dropped into an acid, gas would form. He called this gas that would be produced "inflammable air" which turns out to be hydrogen. He was able to recognize this phenomenon when he calculated the densities of different gases. He noticed that when he burned a certain gas, it produced dew which he later found to be water. It was also much less dense than air. The formation of inflammable air was due to the action of dilute acids which are weakened acids on metals. Because he was wealthy, his equipment would have allowed him to measure precisely. Cavendish found that regular air is made up of nitrogen in a 4:1 ratio by volume. He also did studies in measuring heats of fusion and evaporation.

He would glint air with excess oxygen over alkali until there was not more absorption, and he noticed that a tiny amount of gas could not be further reduced. He finalized that gases that do not reduce to nitrous acid is no more than 1/120 part of the whole, and these gases are now known as noble gases.

His research on combustion made great contribution because he determined the composition of water (oxygen and hydrogen). This study was reported in an experiment by Joseph Priestley in which an explosion of two gases left moisture on previously dry surfaces. Expanding on this study, Cavendish studied this and got an approximate mathematical figure for its volume composition.

Cavendish also studied products of fermentation. Fermentation is a chemical reaction that divides complex organic compounds into simple molecules. He proved that the gas from fermentation is almost the same as the fixed air from chalk and magnesia which is modern day carbon dioxide.

===Electrical Studies===

Henry Cavendish compared the conductivity of equal solutions of electrolytes and concluded a version of Ohm's law which states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points. Although he did not publish many of his works, his colleagues were more than convinced that his conclusions were correct. Cavendish was not the first to explore an inverse-square law of electrostatic attraction, but his idea was the most effective because it was based on mathematical reasoning as well as electrical knowledge.

Cavendish was one of the first to explore conductivity in aqueous solutions. Although pure water does not conduct electricity, when there is a conductor, for example, salt, in the water, it is able to conduct electricity. He was able to find this by making a fish out of leather and wood soaked in salt water that represent organs of fish. He charged the imitation organs with Leyden jars to show that the results proved that the fish was able to produce electricity.

==="G" - The Gravitational Constant ===

Henry Cavendish is also known for the Cavendish experiment in which he measured the force of gravity between masses in a lab in order to produce an accurate value for Earth's density. The machine he used was designed by Rev. John Michell, but Cavendish reconstructed many of the important parts. The machine depended on measuring the attraction on a horizontal bar that is suspended by a wire. The bar had a small lead ball at each end by two large masses of lead. Based on his results, G = 6.754 x 10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2, and in modern days, G = 6.67428 x 10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2. 6.674×10−11 N⋅m2/kg2

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

''Cavendish'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, American Philosophical Society, 1996, 414 pp.

''Cavendish: The Experimental Life'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, Bucknell University Press, 1999, 814 pp.

===External Links===

http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Bo-Ce/Cavendish-Henry.html

==References==

http://www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/HenryCavendish.html

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Cavendish-Henry.html

http://www.famousscientists.org/henry-cavendish/

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Cavendish.html

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-04T04:10:23Z

Yan49: /* "G" - The Gravitational Constant */

By yan49

[[File:HenryCavendish.jpg|200px|thumb|right|"Henry Cavendish"]]

==Personal Life==
[[File:hcav.gif|150px|thumb|left|This is one of Henry Cavendish's only portraits which was only estimated when drawn]]

===Early Life===
Henry Cavendish was born in Nice, France on October 10 ,1731. His father was Lord Charles Cavendish and his mother was Lady Anne Grey who died soon after Henry Cavendish was born. His family lineage traces across eight centuries and is closely connected to many wealthy families of Great Britain. He attended Dr. Newcomb's Hackney Academy in Hackney, England as a child. In 1749, he attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, but he left without a degree after three years. Because he was so shy, there are rumors that he was autistic. He did not socialize with anyone other than his close scientific colleagues.

===Adulthood===
After he left Cambridge, Henry Cavendish moved back to London to live with his father. He built a laboratory and a workshop there. He moved the laboratory to Clapham Common when his father died in 1783. Henry Cavendish never married and was very reserved, so there are not many records of his social life.

===Death===
Henry Cavendish died in London, England on February 24, 1810. He was known to be one of the wealthiest men in Britain, and he was buried in Derby Cathedral among many of his ancestors.

==Scientific Work==

Cavendish was a physicist and a chemist who determined the value of the universal constant of gravitation, created great impact on electrical studies, and discovered hydrogen and the composition of water. He was able to calculate the Earth's mass and introduced the concept of voltage.

Although Cavendish did not publish many works of his brilliant findings, his accuracy and precision in his findings are noted very impressive, and he set a new standard of accuracy in analytical chemistry.

==="Inflammable Air"===

Cavendish did most of his studies with quantitative measurements. Cavendish noticed that when zinc or iron was dropped into an acid, gas would form. He called this gas that would be produced "inflammable air" which turns out to be hydrogen. He was able to recognize this phenomenon when he calculated the densities of different gases. He noticed that when he burned a certain gas, it produced dew which he later found to be water. It was also much less dense than air. The formation of inflammable air was due to the action of dilute acids which are weakened acids on metals. Because he was wealthy, his equipment would have allowed him to measure precisely. Cavendish found that regular air is made up of nitrogen in a 4:1 ratio by volume. He also did studies in measuring heats of fusion and evaporation.

He would glint air with excess oxygen over alkali until there was not more absorption, and he noticed that a tiny amount of gas could not be further reduced. He finalized that gases that do not reduce to nitrous acid is no more than 1/120 part of the whole, and these gases are now known as noble gases.

His research on combustion made great contribution because he determined the composition of water (oxygen and hydrogen). This study was reported in an experiment by Joseph Priestley in which an explosion of two gases left moisture on previously dry surfaces. Expanding on this study, Cavendish studied this and got an approximate mathematical figure for its volume composition.

Cavendish also studied products of fermentation. Fermentation is a chemical reaction that divides complex organic compounds into simple molecules. He proved that the gas from fermentation is almost the same as the fixed air from chalk and magnesia which is modern day carbon dioxide.

===Electrical Studies===

Henry Cavendish compared the conductivity of equal solutions of electrolytes and concluded a version of Ohm's law which states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points. Although he did not publish many of his works, his colleagues were more than convinced that his conclusions were correct. Cavendish was not the first to explore an inverse-square law of electrostatic attraction, but his idea was the most effective because it was based on mathematical reasoning as well as electrical knowledge.

Cavendish was one of the first to explore conductivity in aqueous solutions. Although pure water does not conduct electricity, when there is a conductor, for example, salt, in the water, it is able to conduct electricity. He was able to find this by making a fish out of leather and wood soaked in salt water that represent organs of fish. He charged the imitation organs with Leyden jars to show that the results proved that the fish was able to produce electricity.

==="G" - The Gravitational Constant ===

Henry Cavendish is also known for the Cavendish experiment in which he measured the force of gravity between masses in a lab in order to produce an accurate value for Earth's density. The machine he used was designed by Rev. John Michell, but Cavendish reconstructed many of the important parts. The machine depended on measuring the attraction on a horizontal bar that is suspended by a wire. The bar had a small lead ball at each end by two large masses of lead. Based on his results, G = 6.754 x 10^11 Nm^2/kg^2, and in modern days, G = 6.67428 x 10^11 Nm^2/kg^2.

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

''Cavendish'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, American Philosophical Society, 1996, 414 pp.

''Cavendish: The Experimental Life'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, Bucknell University Press, 1999, 814 pp.

===External Links===

http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Bo-Ce/Cavendish-Henry.html

==References==

http://www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/HenryCavendish.html

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Cavendish-Henry.html

http://www.famousscientists.org/henry-cavendish/

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Cavendish.html

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-04T04:03:47Z

Yan49: /* "G" - The Gravitational Constant */

By yan49

[[File:HenryCavendish.jpg|200px|thumb|right|"Henry Cavendish"]]

==Personal Life==
[[File:hcav.gif|150px|thumb|left|This is one of Henry Cavendish's only portraits which was only estimated when drawn]]

===Early Life===
Henry Cavendish was born in Nice, France on October 10 ,1731. His father was Lord Charles Cavendish and his mother was Lady Anne Grey who died soon after Henry Cavendish was born. His family lineage traces across eight centuries and is closely connected to many wealthy families of Great Britain. He attended Dr. Newcomb's Hackney Academy in Hackney, England as a child. In 1749, he attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, but he left without a degree after three years. Because he was so shy, there are rumors that he was autistic. He did not socialize with anyone other than his close scientific colleagues.

===Adulthood===
After he left Cambridge, Henry Cavendish moved back to London to live with his father. He built a laboratory and a workshop there. He moved the laboratory to Clapham Common when his father died in 1783. Henry Cavendish never married and was very reserved, so there are not many records of his social life.

===Death===
Henry Cavendish died in London, England on February 24, 1810. He was known to be one of the wealthiest men in Britain, and he was buried in Derby Cathedral among many of his ancestors.

==Scientific Work==

Cavendish was a physicist and a chemist who determined the value of the universal constant of gravitation, created great impact on electrical studies, and discovered hydrogen and the composition of water. He was able to calculate the Earth's mass and introduced the concept of voltage.

Although Cavendish did not publish many works of his brilliant findings, his accuracy and precision in his findings are noted very impressive, and he set a new standard of accuracy in analytical chemistry.

==="Inflammable Air"===

Cavendish did most of his studies with quantitative measurements. Cavendish noticed that when zinc or iron was dropped into an acid, gas would form. He called this gas that would be produced "inflammable air" which turns out to be hydrogen. He was able to recognize this phenomenon when he calculated the densities of different gases. He noticed that when he burned a certain gas, it produced dew which he later found to be water. It was also much less dense than air. The formation of inflammable air was due to the action of dilute acids which are weakened acids on metals. Because he was wealthy, his equipment would have allowed him to measure precisely. Cavendish found that regular air is made up of nitrogen in a 4:1 ratio by volume. He also did studies in measuring heats of fusion and evaporation.

He would glint air with excess oxygen over alkali until there was not more absorption, and he noticed that a tiny amount of gas could not be further reduced. He finalized that gases that do not reduce to nitrous acid is no more than 1/120 part of the whole, and these gases are now known as noble gases.

His research on combustion made great contribution because he determined the composition of water (oxygen and hydrogen). This study was reported in an experiment by Joseph Priestley in which an explosion of two gases left moisture on previously dry surfaces. Expanding on this study, Cavendish studied this and got an approximate mathematical figure for its volume composition.

Cavendish also studied products of fermentation. Fermentation is a chemical reaction that divides complex organic compounds into simple molecules. He proved that the gas from fermentation is almost the same as the fixed air from chalk and magnesia which is modern day carbon dioxide.

===Electrical Studies===

Henry Cavendish compared the conductivity of equal solutions of electrolytes and concluded a version of Ohm's law which states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points. Although he did not publish many of his works, his colleagues were more than convinced that his conclusions were correct. Cavendish was not the first to explore an inverse-square law of electrostatic attraction, but his idea was the most effective because it was based on mathematical reasoning as well as electrical knowledge.

Cavendish was one of the first to explore conductivity in aqueous solutions. Although pure water does not conduct electricity, when there is a conductor, for example, salt, in the water, it is able to conduct electricity. He was able to find this by making a fish out of leather and wood soaked in salt water that represent organs of fish. He charged the imitation organs with Leyden jars to show that the results proved that the fish was able to produce electricity.

==="G" - The Gravitational Constant ===

Henry Cavendish is also known for the Cavendish experiment in which he measured the force of gravity between masses in a lab in order to produce an accurate value for Earth's density. The machine he used was designed by Rev. John Michell, but Cavendish reconstructed many of the important parts. The machine depended on measuring the attraction on a horizontal bar that is suspended by a wire. The bar had a small lead ball at each end

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

''Cavendish'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, American Philosophical Society, 1996, 414 pp.

''Cavendish: The Experimental Life'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, Bucknell University Press, 1999, 814 pp.

===External Links===

http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Bo-Ce/Cavendish-Henry.html

==References==

http://www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/HenryCavendish.html

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Cavendish-Henry.html

http://www.famousscientists.org/henry-cavendish/

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Cavendish.html

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-04T03:59:12Z

Yan49: /* "Inflammable Air" */

By yan49

[[File:HenryCavendish.jpg|200px|thumb|right|"Henry Cavendish"]]

==Personal Life==
[[File:hcav.gif|150px|thumb|left|This is one of Henry Cavendish's only portraits which was only estimated when drawn]]

===Early Life===
Henry Cavendish was born in Nice, France on October 10 ,1731. His father was Lord Charles Cavendish and his mother was Lady Anne Grey who died soon after Henry Cavendish was born. His family lineage traces across eight centuries and is closely connected to many wealthy families of Great Britain. He attended Dr. Newcomb's Hackney Academy in Hackney, England as a child. In 1749, he attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, but he left without a degree after three years. Because he was so shy, there are rumors that he was autistic. He did not socialize with anyone other than his close scientific colleagues.

===Adulthood===
After he left Cambridge, Henry Cavendish moved back to London to live with his father. He built a laboratory and a workshop there. He moved the laboratory to Clapham Common when his father died in 1783. Henry Cavendish never married and was very reserved, so there are not many records of his social life.

===Death===
Henry Cavendish died in London, England on February 24, 1810. He was known to be one of the wealthiest men in Britain, and he was buried in Derby Cathedral among many of his ancestors.

==Scientific Work==

Cavendish was a physicist and a chemist who determined the value of the universal constant of gravitation, created great impact on electrical studies, and discovered hydrogen and the composition of water. He was able to calculate the Earth's mass and introduced the concept of voltage.

Although Cavendish did not publish many works of his brilliant findings, his accuracy and precision in his findings are noted very impressive, and he set a new standard of accuracy in analytical chemistry.

==="Inflammable Air"===

Cavendish did most of his studies with quantitative measurements. Cavendish noticed that when zinc or iron was dropped into an acid, gas would form. He called this gas that would be produced "inflammable air" which turns out to be hydrogen. He was able to recognize this phenomenon when he calculated the densities of different gases. He noticed that when he burned a certain gas, it produced dew which he later found to be water. It was also much less dense than air. The formation of inflammable air was due to the action of dilute acids which are weakened acids on metals. Because he was wealthy, his equipment would have allowed him to measure precisely. Cavendish found that regular air is made up of nitrogen in a 4:1 ratio by volume. He also did studies in measuring heats of fusion and evaporation.

He would glint air with excess oxygen over alkali until there was not more absorption, and he noticed that a tiny amount of gas could not be further reduced. He finalized that gases that do not reduce to nitrous acid is no more than 1/120 part of the whole, and these gases are now known as noble gases.

His research on combustion made great contribution because he determined the composition of water (oxygen and hydrogen). This study was reported in an experiment by Joseph Priestley in which an explosion of two gases left moisture on previously dry surfaces. Expanding on this study, Cavendish studied this and got an approximate mathematical figure for its volume composition.

Cavendish also studied products of fermentation. Fermentation is a chemical reaction that divides complex organic compounds into simple molecules. He proved that the gas from fermentation is almost the same as the fixed air from chalk and magnesia which is modern day carbon dioxide.

===Electrical Studies===

Henry Cavendish compared the conductivity of equal solutions of electrolytes and concluded a version of Ohm's law which states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points. Although he did not publish many of his works, his colleagues were more than convinced that his conclusions were correct. Cavendish was not the first to explore an inverse-square law of electrostatic attraction, but his idea was the most effective because it was based on mathematical reasoning as well as electrical knowledge.

Cavendish was one of the first to explore conductivity in aqueous solutions. Although pure water does not conduct electricity, when there is a conductor, for example, salt, in the water, it is able to conduct electricity. He was able to find this by making a fish out of leather and wood soaked in salt water that represent organs of fish. He charged the imitation organs with Leyden jars to show that the results proved that the fish was able to produce electricity.

==="G" - The Gravitational Constant ===

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

''Cavendish'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, American Philosophical Society, 1996, 414 pp.

''Cavendish: The Experimental Life'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, Bucknell University Press, 1999, 814 pp.

===External Links===

http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Bo-Ce/Cavendish-Henry.html

==References==

http://www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/HenryCavendish.html

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Cavendish-Henry.html

http://www.famousscientists.org/henry-cavendish/

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Cavendish.html

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-04T03:56:18Z

Yan49: /* Electrical Studies */

By yan49

[[File:HenryCavendish.jpg|200px|thumb|right|"Henry Cavendish"]]

==Personal Life==
[[File:hcav.gif|150px|thumb|left|This is one of Henry Cavendish's only portraits which was only estimated when drawn]]

===Early Life===
Henry Cavendish was born in Nice, France on October 10 ,1731. His father was Lord Charles Cavendish and his mother was Lady Anne Grey who died soon after Henry Cavendish was born. His family lineage traces across eight centuries and is closely connected to many wealthy families of Great Britain. He attended Dr. Newcomb's Hackney Academy in Hackney, England as a child. In 1749, he attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, but he left without a degree after three years. Because he was so shy, there are rumors that he was autistic. He did not socialize with anyone other than his close scientific colleagues.

===Adulthood===
After he left Cambridge, Henry Cavendish moved back to London to live with his father. He built a laboratory and a workshop there. He moved the laboratory to Clapham Common when his father died in 1783. Henry Cavendish never married and was very reserved, so there are not many records of his social life.

===Death===
Henry Cavendish died in London, England on February 24, 1810. He was known to be one of the wealthiest men in Britain, and he was buried in Derby Cathedral among many of his ancestors.

==Scientific Work==

Cavendish was a physicist and a chemist who determined the value of the universal constant of gravitation, created great impact on electrical studies, and discovered hydrogen and the composition of water. He was able to calculate the Earth's mass and introduced the concept of voltage.

Although Cavendish did not publish many works of his brilliant findings, his accuracy and precision in his findings are noted very impressive, and he set a new standard of accuracy in analytical chemistry.

==="Inflammable Air"===

Cavendish did most of his studies with quantitative measurements. Cavendish noticed that when zinc or iron was dropped into an acid, gas would form. He called this gas that would be produced "inflammable air" which turns out to be hydrogen. He was able to recognize this phenomenon when he calculated the densities of different gases. He noticed that when he burned a certain gas, it produced dew which he later found to be water. It was also much less dense than air. The formation of inflammable air was due to the action of dilute acids which are weakened acids on metals. Because he was wealthy, his equipment would have allowed him to measure precisely. Cavendish found that regular air is made up of nitrogen in a 4:1 ratio by volume. He also did studies in measuring heats of fusion and evaporation.

His research on combustion made great contribution because he determined the composition of water (oxygen and hydrogen). This study was reported in an experiment by Joseph Priestley in which an explosion of two gases left moisture on previously dry surfaces. Expanding on this study, Cavendish studied this and got an approximate mathematical figure for its volume composition.

Cavendish also studied products of fermentation. Fermentation is a chemical reaction that divides complex organic compounds into simple molecules. He proved that the gas from fermentation is almost the same as the fixed air from chalk and magnesia which is modern day carbon dioxide.

===Electrical Studies===

Henry Cavendish compared the conductivity of equal solutions of electrolytes and concluded a version of Ohm's law which states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points. Although he did not publish many of his works, his colleagues were more than convinced that his conclusions were correct. Cavendish was not the first to explore an inverse-square law of electrostatic attraction, but his idea was the most effective because it was based on mathematical reasoning as well as electrical knowledge.

Cavendish was one of the first to explore conductivity in aqueous solutions. Although pure water does not conduct electricity, when there is a conductor, for example, salt, in the water, it is able to conduct electricity. He was able to find this by making a fish out of leather and wood soaked in salt water that represent organs of fish. He charged the imitation organs with Leyden jars to show that the results proved that the fish was able to produce electricity.

==="G" - The Gravitational Constant ===

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

''Cavendish'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, American Philosophical Society, 1996, 414 pp.

''Cavendish: The Experimental Life'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, Bucknell University Press, 1999, 814 pp.

===External Links===

http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Bo-Ce/Cavendish-Henry.html

==References==

http://www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/HenryCavendish.html

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Cavendish-Henry.html

http://www.famousscientists.org/henry-cavendish/

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Cavendish.html

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-04T03:29:21Z

Yan49: /* External Links */

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-04T03:29:05Z

Yan49: /* Scientific Work */

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-04T03:21:12Z

Yan49: /* Scientific Work */

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-04T02:27:03Z

Yan49: /* "Inflammable Air" */

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-02T22:54:40Z

Yan49:

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-02T22:51:34Z

Yan49:

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-02T22:50:28Z

Yan49:

By yan49

[[File:HenryCavendish.jpg|200px|thumb|right|"Henry Cavendish"]]

==Personal Life==
===Early Life===
Henry Cavendish was born in Nice, France on October 10 ,1731. His father was Lord Charles Cavendish and his mother was Lady Anne Grey who died soon after Henry Cavendish was born. His family lineage traces across eight centuries and is closely connected to many wealthy families of Great Britain. He attended Dr. Newcomb's Hackney Academy in Hackney, England as a child. In 1749, he attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, but he left without a degree after three years. Because he was so shy, there are rumors that he was autistic. He did not socialize with anyone other than his close scientific colleagues.

===Adulthood===
After he left Cambridge, Henry Cavendish moved back to London to live with his father. He built a laboratory and a workshop there. He moved the laboratory to Clapham Common when his father died in 1783. Henry Cavendish never married and was very reserved, so there are not many records of his social life.

===Death===
Henry Cavendish died in London, England on February 24, 1810. He was known to be one of the wealthiest men in Britain, and he was buried in Derby Cathedral among many of his ancestors.

[[File:hcav.gif|200px|thumb|This is one of Henry Cavendish's only portraits which was only estimated when drawn]]

==Scientific Work==
Cavendish was a physicist and a chemist who determined the value of the universal constant of gravitation, created great impact on electrical studies, and discovered hydrogen and the composition of water.

==="Inflammable Air"===

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

''Cavendish'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, American Philosophical Society, 1996, 414 pp.

''Cavendish: The Experimental Life'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, Bucknell University Press, 1999, 814 pp.

===External Links===

==References==

http://www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/HenryCavendish.html

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Cavendish-Henry.html

http://www.famousscientists.org/henry-cavendish/

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Cavendish.html

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-02T22:49:05Z

Yan49:

By yan49

[[File:HenryCavendish.jpg|200px|thumb|right|"Henry Cavendish"]]

==Personal Life==
===Early Life===
Henry Cavendish was born in Nice, France on October 10 ,1731. His father was Lord Charles Cavendish and his mother was Lady Anne Grey who died soon after Henry Cavendish was born. His family lineage traces across eight centuries and is closely connected to many wealthy families of Great Britain. He attended Dr. Newcomb's Hackney Academy in Hackney, England as a child. In 1749, he attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, but he left without a degree after three years. Because he was so shy, there are rumors that he was autistic. He did not socialize with anyone other than his close scientific colleagues.

===Adulthood===
After he left Cambridge, Henry Cavendish moved back to London to live with his father. He built a laboratory and a workshop there. He moved the laboratory to Clapham Common when his father died in 1783. Henry Cavendish never married and was very reserved, so there are not many records of his social life.

===Death===
Henry Cavendish died in London, England on February 24, 1810. He was known to be one of the wealthiest men in Britain, and he was buried in Derby Cathedral among many of his ancestors.

[[File:hcav.gif]]
==Scientific Work==
Cavendish was a physicist and a chemist who determined the value of the universal constant of gravitation, created great impact on electrical studies, and discovered hydrogen and the composition of water.

==="Inflammable Air"===

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

''Cavendish'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, American Philosophical Society, 1996, 414 pp.

''Cavendish: The Experimental Life'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, Bucknell University Press, 1999, 814 pp.

===External Links===

==References==

http://www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/HenryCavendish.html

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Cavendish-Henry.html

http://www.famousscientists.org/henry-cavendish/

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Cavendish.html

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

File:Hcav.gif

2015-12-02T22:48:30Z

Yan49:

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-02T22:48:11Z

Yan49:

By yan49

[[File:HenryCavendish.jpg|200px|thumb|right|"Henry Cavendish"]]

==Personal Life==
===Early Life===
Henry Cavendish was born in Nice, France on October 10 ,1731. His father was Lord Charles Cavendish and his mother was Lady Anne Grey who died soon after Henry Cavendish was born. His family lineage traces across eight centuries and is closely connected to many wealthy families of Great Britain. He attended Dr. Newcomb's Hackney Academy in Hackney, England as a child. In 1749, he attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, but he left without a degree after three years. Because he was so shy, there are rumors that he was autistic. He did not socialize with anyone other than his close scientific colleagues.

===Adulthood===
After he left Cambridge, Henry Cavendish moved back to London to live with his father. He built a laboratory and a workshop there. He moved the laboratory to Clapham Common when his father died in 1783. Henry Cavendish never married and was very reserved, so there are not many records of his social life.

===Death===
Henry Cavendish died in London, England on February 24, 1810. He was known to be one of the wealthiest men in Britain, and he was buried in Derby Cathedral among many of his ancestors.

==Scientific Work==
Cavendish was a physicist and a chemist who determined the value of the universal constant of gravitation, created great impact on electrical studies, and discovered hydrogen and the composition of water.

==="Inflammable Air"===

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

''Cavendish'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, American Philosophical Society, 1996, 414 pp.

''Cavendish: The Experimental Life'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, Bucknell University Press, 1999, 814 pp.

===External Links===

==References==

http://www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/HenryCavendish.html

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Cavendish-Henry.html

http://www.famousscientists.org/henry-cavendish/

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Cavendish.html

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-02T22:41:14Z

Yan49:

By yan49

[[File:HenryCavendish.jpg|200px|thumb|right|"Henry Cavendish"]]

==Personal Life==
===Early Life===
Henry Cavendish was born in Nice, France on October 10 ,1731. His father was Lord Charles Cavendish and his mother was Lady Anne Grey who died soon after Henry Cavendish was born. His family lineage traces across eight centuries and is closely connected to many wealthy families of Great Britain. He attended Dr. Newcomb's Hackney Academy in Hackney, England as a child. In 1749, he attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, but he left without a degree after three years. Because he was so shy, there are rumors that he was autistic. He did not socialize with anyone other than his close scientific colleagues.

===Adulthood===
After he left Cambridge, Henry Cavendish moved back to London to live with his father. He built a laboratory and a workshop there. He moved the laboratory to Clapham Common when his father died in 1783. Henry Cavendish never married and was very reserved, so there are not many records of his social life.

===Death===
Henry Cavendish died in London, England on February 24, 1810. He was known to be one of the wealthiest men in Britain, and he was buried in Derby Cathedral among many of his ancestors.

==Scientific Work==
Cavendish was a physicist and a chemist who determined the value of the universal constant of gravitation, created great impact on electrical studies, and discovered hydrogen and the composition of water.

==="Inflammable Air"===

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

''Cavendish'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, American Philosophical Society, 1996, [[ISBN 0-87169-220-1]], 414 pp.

''Cavendish: The Experimental Life'', Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach, Bucknell University Press, 1999, [[ISBN 0-8387-5445-7]], 814 pp.

===External Links===

==References==

http://www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/HenryCavendish.html

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Cavendish-Henry.html

http://www.famousscientists.org/henry-cavendish/

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Cavendish.html

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-02T21:29:48Z

Yan49:

By yan49

[[File:HenryCavendish.jpg|200px|thumb|right|"Henry Cavendish"]]

==Personal Life==
===Early Life===
Henry Cavendish was born in Nice, France on October 10 ,1731. His father was Lord Charles Cavendish and his mother was Lady Anne Grey who died soon after Henry Cavendish was born. His family lineage traces across eight centuries and is closely connected to many wealthy families of Great Britain. He attended Dr. Newcomb's Hackney Academy in Hackney, England as a child. In 1749, he attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, but he left without a degree after three years. Because he was so shy, there are rumors that he was autistic. He did not socialize with anyone other than his close scientific colleagues.

===Adulthood===
After he left Cambridge, Henry Cavendish moved back to London to live with his father. He built a laboratory and a workshop there. He moved the laboratory to Clapham Common when his father died in 1783. Henry Cavendish never married and was very reserved, so there are not many records of his social life.

===Death===
Henry Cavendish died in London, England on February 24, 1810. He was known to be one of the wealthiest men in Britain, and he was buried in Derby Cathedral among many of his ancestors.

==Scientific Work==
Cavendish was a physicist and a chemist who determined the value of the universal constant of gravitation, created great impact on electrical studies, and discovered hydrogen and the composition of water.

==="Inflammable Air"===

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

===External Links===

==References==

http://www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/HenryCavendish.html

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Cavendish-Henry.html

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-02T21:03:01Z

Yan49:

By yan49

[[File:HenryCavendish.jpg|200px|thumb|right|"Henry Cavendish"]]

==Personal Life==
===Early Life===
Henry Cavendish was born in Nice, France on October 10 ,1731. His father was Lord Charles Cavendish and his mother was Lady Anne Grey who died soon after Henry Cavendish was born. His family lineage traces across eight centuries and is closely connected to many wealthy families of Great Britain. He attended Dr. Newcomb's Hackney Academy in Hackney, England as a child. In 1749, he attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, but he left without a degree after three years. Because he was so shy, there are rumors that he was autistic. He did not socialize with anyone other than his close scientific colleagues.

===Adulthood===
After he left Cambridge, Henry Cavendish moved back to London to live with his father. He built a laboratory and a workshop there. He moved the laboratory to Clapham Common when his father died in 1783. Henry Cavendish never married and was very reserved, so there are not many records of his social life.

===Death===
Henry Cavendish died in London, England on February 24, 1810. He was known to be one of the wealthiest men in Britain, and he was buried in Derby Cathedral among many of his ancestors.

==Scientific Work==
Cavendish was a physicist and a chemist who determined the value of the universal constant of gravitation, created great impact on electrical studies, and discovered hydrogen and the composition of water.

===Gravitation===

===Electrical Studies===

===Hydrogen and Water===

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

===External Links===

==References==

http://www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/HenryCavendish.html

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Cavendish-Henry.html

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-02T20:44:07Z

Yan49:

File:HenryCavendish.jpg

2015-12-02T20:43:34Z

Yan49: Henry Cavendish

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-02T20:41:25Z

Yan49:

By yan49

[[File:|200px|thumb|right|"Henry Cavendish"]]

==Personal Life==
===Early Life===
Henry Cavendish was born in Nice, France on October 10 ,1731. His father was Lord Charles Cavendish and his mother was Lady Anne Grey who died soon after Henry Cavendish was born. He attended Dr. Newcomb's Academy in Hackney, England as a child. In 1749, he attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, but he left without a degree after three years.

===Adulthood===
After he left Cambridge, Henry Cavendish moved back to London to live with his father. He built a laboratory and a workshop there. He moved the laboratory to Clapham Common when his father died in 1783. Henry Cavendish never married and was very reserved, so there are not many records of his social life.

===Death===
Henry Cavendish died in London, England on February 24, 1810.

==Scientific Work==
Cavendish was a physicist and a chemist who determined the value of the universal constant of gravitation, created great impact on electrical studies, and discovered hydrogen and the composition of water.

===Gravitation===

===Electrical Studies===

===Hydrogen and Water===

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

===External Links===

==References==

http://www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/HenryCavendish.html

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Cavendish-Henry.html

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-02T20:23:52Z

Yan49:

By yan49

==Personal Life==
===Early Life===
Henry Cavendish was born in Nice, France on October 10 ,1731. His father was Lord Charles Cavendish and his mother was Lady Anne Grey who died soon after Henry Cavendish was born. He attended Dr. Newcomb's Academy in Hackney, England as a child. In 1749, he attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, but he left without a degree after three years.

===Adulthood===
After he left Cambridge, Henry Cavendish moved back to London to live with his father. He built a laboratory and a workshop there. He moved the laboratory to Clapham Common when his father died in 1783. Henry Cavendish never married and was very reserved, so there are not many records of his social life.

===Death===
Henry Cavendish died in London, England on February 24, 1810.

==Scientific Work==
Cavendish was a physicist and a chemist who determined the value of the universal constant of gravitation, created great impact on electrical studies, and discovered hydrogen and the composition of water.

===Gravitation===

===Electrical Studies===

===Hydrogen and Water===

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

===External Links===

==References==
http://www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/HenryCavendish.html
http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Cavendish-Henry.html

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

Thomas Young

2015-12-02T20:13:00Z

Yan49: Created page with "By Lucy An ==Personal Life== ===Early Life=== ===Adulthood=== ===Death=== ==Scientific Work== ==Awards== ==See Also== ===Further Reading=== ===External Links=== ==Refe..."

By Lucy An

==Personal Life==
===Early Life===

===Adulthood===

===Death===

==Scientific Work==

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

===External Links===

==References==

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

Main Page

2015-12-02T20:12:00Z

Yan49: /* Notable Scientists */

__NOTOC__
Welcome to the Georgia Tech Wiki for Intro Physics. This resources was created so that students can contribute and curate content to help those with limited or no access to a textbook. When reading this website, please correct any errors you may come across. If you read something that isn't clear, please consider revising it!

Looking to make a contribution?
#Pick a specific topic from intro physics
#Add that topic, as a link to a new page, under the appropriate category listed below by editing this page.
#Copy and paste the default [[Template]] into your new page and start editing.

Please remember that this is not a textbook and you are not limited to expressing your ideas with only text and equations. Whenever possible embed: pictures, videos, diagrams, simulations, computational models (e.g. Glowscript), and whatever content you think makes learning physics easier for other students.

== Source Material ==
All of the content added to this resource must be in the public domain or similar free resource. If you are unsure about a source, contact the original author for permission. That said, there is a surprisingly large amount of introductory physics content scattered across the web. Here is an incomplete list of intro physics resources (please update as needed).
* A physics resource written by experts for an expert audience [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Physics Physics Portal]
* A wiki book on modern physics [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Modern_Physics Modern Physics Wiki]
* The MIT open courseware for intro physics [http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-8-002-a-wikitextbook-for-introductory-mechanics-fall-2009/index.htm MITOCW Wiki]
* An online concept map of intro physics [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html HyperPhysics]
* Interactive physics simulations [https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/physics PhET]
* OpenStax algebra based intro physics textbook [https://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics College Physics]
* The Open Source Physics project is a collection of online physics resources [http://www.opensourcephysics.org/ OSP]
* A resource guide compiled by the [http://www.aapt.org/ AAPT] for educators [http://www.compadre.org/ ComPADRE]

== Organizing Categories ==
These are the broad, overarching categories, that we cover in two semester of introductory physics. You can add subcategories or make a new category as needed. A single topic should direct readers to a page in one of these catagories.

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
===Interactions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Kinds of Matter]]
**[[Ball and Spring Model of Matter]]
*[[Detecting Interactions]]
*[[Fundamental Interactions]]
*[[System & Surroundings]]
*[[Newton's First Law of Motion]]
*[[Newton's Second Law of Motion]]
*[[Newton's Third Law of Motion]]
*[[Gravitational Force]]
*[[Electric Force]]
*[[Conservation of Charge]]
*[[Terminal Speed]]
*[[Simple Harmonic Motion]]
*[[Speed and Velocity]]
*[[Electric Polarization]]
*[[Perpetual Freefall (Orbit)]]
*[[2-Dimensional Motion]]
*[[Center of Mass]]
*[[Reaction Time]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Theory===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity]]
*[[Quantum Theory]]
*[[Big Bang Theory]]
*[[Maxwell's Electromagnetic Theory]]
*[[Atomic Theory]]
*[[Wave-Particle Duality]]
*[[String Theory]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Notable Scientists===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Christian Doppler]]
*[[Albert Einstein]]
*[[Ernest Rutherford]]
*[[Joseph Henry]]
*[[Michael Faraday]]
*[[J.J. Thomson]]
*[[James Maxwell]]
*[[Robert Hooke]]
*[[Carl Friedrich Gauss]]
*[[Nikola Tesla]]
*[[Andre Marie Ampere]]
*[[Sir Isaac Newton]]
*[[J. Robert Oppenheimer]]
*[[Oliver Heaviside]]
*[[Rosalind Franklin]]
*[[Erwin Schrödinger]]
*[[Enrico Fermi]]
*[[Robert J. Van de Graaff]]
*[[Charles de Coulomb]]
*[[Hans Christian Ørsted]]
*[[Philo Farnsworth]]
*[[Niels Bohr]]
*[[Georg Ohm]]
*[[Galileo Galilei]]
*[[Gustav Kirchhoff]]
*[[Max Planck]]
*[[Heinrich Hertz]]
*[[Edwin Hall]]
*[[James Watt]]
*[[Count Alessandro Volta]]
*[[Josiah Willard Gibbs]]
*[[Richard Phillips Feynman]]
*[[Sir David Brewster]]
*[[Daniel Bernoulli]]
*[[William Thomson]]
*[[Leonhard Euler]]
*[[Robert Fox Bacher]]
*[[Stephen Hawking]]
*[[Amedeo Avogadro]]
*[[Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen]]
*[[Pierre Laplace]]
*[[Thomas Edison]]
*[[Hendrik Lorentz]]
*[[Jean-Baptiste Biot]]
*[[Lise Meitner]]
*[[Lisa Randall]]
*[[Felix Savart]]
*[[Heinrich Lenz]]
*[[Max Born]]
*[[Archimedes]]
*[[Jean Baptiste Biot]]
*[[Carl Sagan]]
*[[Eugene Wigner]]
*[[Marie Curie]]
*[[Pierre Curie]]
*[[Werner Heisenberg]]
*[[Johannes Diderik van der Waals]]
*[[Louis de Broglie]]
*[[Aristotle]]
*[[Émilie du Châtelet]]
*[[Blaise Pascal]]
*[[Benjamin Franklin]]
*[[James Chadwick]]
*[[Henry Cavendish]]
*[[Thomas Young]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Properties of Matter===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Mass]]
*[[Velocity]]
*[[Relative Velocity]]
*[[Density]]
*[[Charge]]
*[[Spin]]
*[[SI Units]]
*[[Heat Capacity]]
*[[Specific Heat]]
*[[Wavelength]]
*[[Conductivity]]
*[[Malleability]]
*[[Weight]]
*[[Boiling Point]]
*[[Melting Point]]
*[[Higgs Boson]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Contact Interactions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Young's Modulus]]
* [[Friction]]
* [[Tension]]
* [[Hooke's Law]]
*[[Centripetal Force and Curving Motion]]
*[[Compression or Normal Force]]
* [[Length and Stiffness of an Interatomic Bond]]
* [[Speed of Sound in a Solid]]
* [[Iterative Prediction of Spring-Mass System]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Momentum===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Vectors]]
* [[Kinematics]]
* [[Conservation of Momentum]]
* [[Predicting Change in multiple dimensions]]
* [[Momentum Principle]]
* [[Impulse Momentum]]
* [[Curving Motion]]
* [[Multi-particle Analysis of Momentum]]
* [[Iterative Prediction]]
* [[Newton's Laws and Linear Momentum]]
* [[Net Force]]
* [[Center of Mass]]
* [[Momentum at High Speeds]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Angular Momentum===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[The Moments of Inertia]]
* [[Moment of Inertia for a ring]]
* [[Rotation]]
* [[Torque]]
* [[Systems with Zero Torque]]
* [[Systems with Nonzero Torque]]
* [[Right Hand Rule]]
* [[Angular Velocity]]
* [[Predicting the Position of a Rotating System]]
* [[Translational Angular Momentum]]
* [[The Angular Momentum Principle]]
* [[Rotational Angular Momentum]]
* [[Total Angular Momentum]]
* [[Gyroscopes]]

</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Energy===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[The Photoelectric Effect]]
*[[Photons]]
*[[The Energy Principle]]
*[[Predicting Change]]
*[[Rest Mass Energy]]
*[[Kinetic Energy]]
*[[Potential Energy]]
*[[Work]]
*[[Thermal Energy]]
*[[Conservation of Energy]]
*[[Electric Potential]]
*[[Energy Transfer due to a Temperature Difference]]
*[[Gravitational Potential Energy]]
*[[Point Particle Systems]]
*[[Real Systems]]
*[[Spring Potential Energy]]
**[[Ball and Spring Model]]
*[[Internal Energy]]
**[[Potential Energy of a Pair of Neutral Atoms]]
*[[Translational, Rotational and Vibrational Energy]]
*[[Franck-Hertz Experiment]]
*[[Power (Mechanical)]]
*[[Energy Graphs]]
*[[Air Resistance]]
*[[Electronic Energy Levels]]
*[[Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy]]
*[[Specific Heat Capacity]]
*[[Electronic Energy Levels and Photons]]
*[[Energy Density]]
*[[Bohr Model]]
*[[Quantized energy levels]]
*[[Path Independence of Electric Potential]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Collisions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Collisions]]
*[[Maximally Inelastic Collision]]
*[[Elastic Collisions]]
*[[Inelastic Collisions]]
*[[Head-on Collision of Equal Masses]]
*[[Head-on Collision of Unequal Masses]]
*[[Frame of Reference]]
*[[Rutherford Experiment and Atomic Collisions]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Fields===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Electric Field]] of a
** [[Point Charge]]
** [[Electric Dipole]]
** [[Capacitor]]
** [[Charged Rod]]
** [[Charged Ring]]
** [[Charged Disk]]
** [[Charged Spherical Shell]]
** [[Charged Cylinder]]
** [[Charged Hollow Cylinder]]
**[[A Solid Sphere Charged Throughout Its Volume]]
*[[Electric Potential]]
**[[Potential Difference Path Independence]]
**[[Potential Difference in a Uniform Field]]
**[[Potential Difference of point charge in a non-Uniform Field]]
**[[Sign of Potential Difference]]
**[[Potential Difference in an Insulator]]
**[[Energy Density and Electric Field]]
** [[Systems of Charged Objects]]
*[[Electric Force]]
*[[Polarization]]
**[[Polarization of an Atom]]
*[[Charge Motion in Metals]]
*[[Charge Transfer]]
*[[Magnetic Field]]
**[[Right-Hand Rule]]
**[[Direction of Magnetic Field]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Wire]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Loop]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Solenoid]]
**[[Bar Magnet]]
**[[Magnetic Dipole Moment]]
**[[Magnetic Force]]
**[[Magnetic Torque]]
**[[Hall Effect]]
**[[Lorentz Force]]
**[[Biot-Savart Law]]
**[[Biot-Savart Law for Currents]]
**[[Integration Techniques for Magnetic Field]]
**[[Sparks in Air]]
**[[Motional Emf]]
**[[Detecting a Magnetic Field]]
**[[Moving Point Charge]]
**[[Non-Coulomb Electric Field]]
**[[Motors and Generators]]
**[[Solenoid Applications]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Simple Circuits===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Components]]
*[[Steady State]]
*[[Non Steady State]]
*[[Charging and Discharging a Capacitor]]
*[[Thin and Thick Wires]]
*[[Node Rule]]
*[[Loop Rule]]
*[[Resistivity]]
*[[Power in a circuit]]
*[[Ammeters,Voltmeters,Ohmmeters]]
*[[Current]]
**[[AC]]
*[[Ohm's Law]]
*[[Series Circuits]]
*[[Parallel Circuits]]
*[[RC]]
*[[Charge in a RC Circuit]]
*[[Current in a RC circuit]]
*[[Circular Loop of Wire]]
*[[RL Circuit]]
*[[LC Circuit]]
*[[Surface Charge Distributions]]
*[[Feedback]]
*[[Transformers (Circuits)]]
*[[Resistors and Conductivity]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Maxwell's Equations===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Gauss's Flux Theorem]]
**[[Electric Fields]]
**[[Magnetic Fields]]
*[[Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of Coaxial Cable Using Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Long Thick Wire Using Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Toroid Using Ampere's Law]]
*[[Faraday's Law]]
**[[Curly Electric Fields]]
**[[Inductance]]
***[[Transformers from a physics standpoint]]
***[[Energy Density]]
**[[Lenz's Law]]
***[[Lenz Effect and the Jumping Ring]]
**[[Motional Emf using Faraday's Law]]
*[[Ampere-Maxwell Law]]
*[[Superconductors]]
**[[Meissner effect]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Radiation===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Producing a Radiative Electric Field]]
*[[Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Radiaton]]
*[[Lenses]]
*[[Energy and Momentum Analysis in Radiation]]
*[[Electromagnetic Propagation]]
**[[Wavelength and Frequency]]
*[[Snell's Law]]
*[[Effects of Radiation on Matter]]
*[[Light Propagation Through a Medium]]
*[[Light Scaterring: Why is the Sky Blue]]
*[[Light Refraction: Bending of light]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Sound===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Doppler Effect]]
*[[Nature, Behavior, and Properties of Sound]]
*[[Resonance]]
*[[Sound Barrier]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Waves===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Multisource Interference: Diffraction]]
*[[Standing waves]]
*[[Gravitational waves]]
*[[Wave-Particle Duality]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Real Life Applications of Electromagnetic Principles===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Electromagnetic Junkyard Cranes]]
*[[Maglev Trains]]
</div>
</div>

== Resources ==
* Commonly used wiki commands [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet Wiki Cheatsheet]
* A guide to representing equations in math mode [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula Wiki Math Mode]
* A page to keep track of all the physics [[Constants]]
* An overview of [[VPython]]

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-02T20:08:04Z

Yan49:

By yan49

==Personal Life==
===Early Life===

===Adulthood===

===Death===

==Scientific Work==

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

===External Links===

==References==

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-02T20:07:40Z

Yan49:

By yan49

==Personal Life==
===Early Life===

===Adulthood===

===Death===

==Scientific Work==
===Radioactivity===

===Crystallography===

===Magnetism===

===Piezoelectricity===

===Radioactivity===

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

===External Links===

==References==

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

Henry Cavendish

2015-12-02T20:07:06Z

Yan49: Created page with "By yan49"

By yan49

Main Page

2015-12-02T20:06:50Z

Yan49: /* Notable Scientists */

__NOTOC__
Welcome to the Georgia Tech Wiki for Intro Physics. This resources was created so that students can contribute and curate content to help those with limited or no access to a textbook. When reading this website, please correct any errors you may come across. If you read something that isn't clear, please consider revising it!

Looking to make a contribution?
#Pick a specific topic from intro physics
#Add that topic, as a link to a new page, under the appropriate category listed below by editing this page.
#Copy and paste the default [[Template]] into your new page and start editing.

Please remember that this is not a textbook and you are not limited to expressing your ideas with only text and equations. Whenever possible embed: pictures, videos, diagrams, simulations, computational models (e.g. Glowscript), and whatever content you think makes learning physics easier for other students.

== Source Material ==
All of the content added to this resource must be in the public domain or similar free resource. If you are unsure about a source, contact the original author for permission. That said, there is a surprisingly large amount of introductory physics content scattered across the web. Here is an incomplete list of intro physics resources (please update as needed).
* A physics resource written by experts for an expert audience [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Physics Physics Portal]
* A wiki book on modern physics [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Modern_Physics Modern Physics Wiki]
* The MIT open courseware for intro physics [http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-8-002-a-wikitextbook-for-introductory-mechanics-fall-2009/index.htm MITOCW Wiki]
* An online concept map of intro physics [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html HyperPhysics]
* Interactive physics simulations [https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/physics PhET]
* OpenStax algebra based intro physics textbook [https://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics College Physics]
* The Open Source Physics project is a collection of online physics resources [http://www.opensourcephysics.org/ OSP]
* A resource guide compiled by the [http://www.aapt.org/ AAPT] for educators [http://www.compadre.org/ ComPADRE]

== Organizing Categories ==
These are the broad, overarching categories, that we cover in two semester of introductory physics. You can add subcategories or make a new category as needed. A single topic should direct readers to a page in one of these catagories.

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
===Interactions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Kinds of Matter]]
**[[Ball and Spring Model of Matter]]
*[[Detecting Interactions]]
*[[Fundamental Interactions]]
*[[System & Surroundings]]
*[[Newton's First Law of Motion]]
*[[Newton's Second Law of Motion]]
*[[Newton's Third Law of Motion]]
*[[Gravitational Force]]
*[[Electric Force]]
*[[Conservation of Charge]]
*[[Terminal Speed]]
*[[Simple Harmonic Motion]]
*[[Speed and Velocity]]
*[[Electric Polarization]]
*[[Perpetual Freefall (Orbit)]]
*[[2-Dimensional Motion]]
*[[Center of Mass]]
*[[Reaction Time]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Theory===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity]]
*[[Quantum Theory]]
*[[Big Bang Theory]]
*[[Maxwell's Electromagnetic Theory]]
*[[Atomic Theory]]
*[[Wave-Particle Duality]]
*[[String Theory]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Notable Scientists===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Christian Doppler]]
*[[Albert Einstein]]
*[[Ernest Rutherford]]
*[[Joseph Henry]]
*[[Michael Faraday]]
*[[J.J. Thomson]]
*[[James Maxwell]]
*[[Robert Hooke]]
*[[Carl Friedrich Gauss]]
*[[Nikola Tesla]]
*[[Andre Marie Ampere]]
*[[Sir Isaac Newton]]
*[[J. Robert Oppenheimer]]
*[[Oliver Heaviside]]
*[[Rosalind Franklin]]
*[[Erwin Schrödinger]]
*[[Enrico Fermi]]
*[[Robert J. Van de Graaff]]
*[[Charles de Coulomb]]
*[[Hans Christian Ørsted]]
*[[Philo Farnsworth]]
*[[Niels Bohr]]
*[[Georg Ohm]]
*[[Galileo Galilei]]
*[[Gustav Kirchhoff]]
*[[Max Planck]]
*[[Heinrich Hertz]]
*[[Edwin Hall]]
*[[James Watt]]
*[[Count Alessandro Volta]]
*[[Josiah Willard Gibbs]]
*[[Richard Phillips Feynman]]
*[[Sir David Brewster]]
*[[Daniel Bernoulli]]
*[[William Thomson]]
*[[Leonhard Euler]]
*[[Robert Fox Bacher]]
*[[Stephen Hawking]]
*[[Amedeo Avogadro]]
*[[Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen]]
*[[Pierre Laplace]]
*[[Thomas Edison]]
*[[Hendrik Lorentz]]
*[[Jean-Baptiste Biot]]
*[[Lise Meitner]]
*[[Lisa Randall]]
*[[Felix Savart]]
*[[Heinrich Lenz]]
*[[Max Born]]
*[[Archimedes]]
*[[Jean Baptiste Biot]]
*[[Carl Sagan]]
*[[Eugene Wigner]]
*[[Marie Curie]]
*[[Pierre Curie]]
*[[Werner Heisenberg]]
*[[Johannes Diderik van der Waals]]
*[[Louis de Broglie]]
*[[Aristotle]]
*[[Émilie du Châtelet]]
*[[Blaise Pascal]]
*[[Benjamin Franklin]]
*[[James Chadwick]]
*[[Henry Cavendish]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Properties of Matter===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Mass]]
*[[Velocity]]
*[[Relative Velocity]]
*[[Density]]
*[[Charge]]
*[[Spin]]
*[[SI Units]]
*[[Heat Capacity]]
*[[Specific Heat]]
*[[Wavelength]]
*[[Conductivity]]
*[[Malleability]]
*[[Weight]]
*[[Boiling Point]]
*[[Melting Point]]
*[[Higgs Boson]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Contact Interactions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Young's Modulus]]
* [[Friction]]
* [[Tension]]
* [[Hooke's Law]]
*[[Centripetal Force and Curving Motion]]
*[[Compression or Normal Force]]
* [[Length and Stiffness of an Interatomic Bond]]
* [[Speed of Sound in a Solid]]
* [[Iterative Prediction of Spring-Mass System]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Momentum===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Vectors]]
* [[Kinematics]]
* [[Conservation of Momentum]]
* [[Predicting Change in multiple dimensions]]
* [[Momentum Principle]]
* [[Impulse Momentum]]
* [[Curving Motion]]
* [[Multi-particle Analysis of Momentum]]
* [[Iterative Prediction]]
* [[Newton's Laws and Linear Momentum]]
* [[Net Force]]
* [[Center of Mass]]
* [[Momentum at High Speeds]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Angular Momentum===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[The Moments of Inertia]]
* [[Moment of Inertia for a ring]]
* [[Rotation]]
* [[Torque]]
* [[Systems with Zero Torque]]
* [[Systems with Nonzero Torque]]
* [[Right Hand Rule]]
* [[Angular Velocity]]
* [[Predicting the Position of a Rotating System]]
* [[Translational Angular Momentum]]
* [[The Angular Momentum Principle]]
* [[Rotational Angular Momentum]]
* [[Total Angular Momentum]]
* [[Gyroscopes]]

</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Energy===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[The Photoelectric Effect]]
*[[Photons]]
*[[The Energy Principle]]
*[[Predicting Change]]
*[[Rest Mass Energy]]
*[[Kinetic Energy]]
*[[Potential Energy]]
*[[Work]]
*[[Thermal Energy]]
*[[Conservation of Energy]]
*[[Electric Potential]]
*[[Energy Transfer due to a Temperature Difference]]
*[[Gravitational Potential Energy]]
*[[Point Particle Systems]]
*[[Real Systems]]
*[[Spring Potential Energy]]
**[[Ball and Spring Model]]
*[[Internal Energy]]
**[[Potential Energy of a Pair of Neutral Atoms]]
*[[Translational, Rotational and Vibrational Energy]]
*[[Franck-Hertz Experiment]]
*[[Power (Mechanical)]]
*[[Energy Graphs]]
*[[Air Resistance]]
*[[Electronic Energy Levels]]
*[[Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy]]
*[[Specific Heat Capacity]]
*[[Electronic Energy Levels and Photons]]
*[[Energy Density]]
*[[Bohr Model]]
*[[Quantized energy levels]]
*[[Path Independence of Electric Potential]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Collisions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Collisions]]
*[[Maximally Inelastic Collision]]
*[[Elastic Collisions]]
*[[Inelastic Collisions]]
*[[Head-on Collision of Equal Masses]]
*[[Head-on Collision of Unequal Masses]]
*[[Frame of Reference]]
*[[Rutherford Experiment and Atomic Collisions]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Fields===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Electric Field]] of a
** [[Point Charge]]
** [[Electric Dipole]]
** [[Capacitor]]
** [[Charged Rod]]
** [[Charged Ring]]
** [[Charged Disk]]
** [[Charged Spherical Shell]]
** [[Charged Cylinder]]
** [[Charged Hollow Cylinder]]
**[[A Solid Sphere Charged Throughout Its Volume]]
*[[Electric Potential]]
**[[Potential Difference Path Independence]]
**[[Potential Difference in a Uniform Field]]
**[[Potential Difference of point charge in a non-Uniform Field]]
**[[Sign of Potential Difference]]
**[[Potential Difference in an Insulator]]
**[[Energy Density and Electric Field]]
** [[Systems of Charged Objects]]
*[[Electric Force]]
*[[Polarization]]
**[[Polarization of an Atom]]
*[[Charge Motion in Metals]]
*[[Charge Transfer]]
*[[Magnetic Field]]
**[[Right-Hand Rule]]
**[[Direction of Magnetic Field]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Wire]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Loop]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Solenoid]]
**[[Bar Magnet]]
**[[Magnetic Dipole Moment]]
**[[Magnetic Force]]
**[[Magnetic Torque]]
**[[Hall Effect]]
**[[Lorentz Force]]
**[[Biot-Savart Law]]
**[[Biot-Savart Law for Currents]]
**[[Integration Techniques for Magnetic Field]]
**[[Sparks in Air]]
**[[Motional Emf]]
**[[Detecting a Magnetic Field]]
**[[Moving Point Charge]]
**[[Non-Coulomb Electric Field]]
**[[Motors and Generators]]
**[[Solenoid Applications]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Simple Circuits===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Components]]
*[[Steady State]]
*[[Non Steady State]]
*[[Charging and Discharging a Capacitor]]
*[[Thin and Thick Wires]]
*[[Node Rule]]
*[[Loop Rule]]
*[[Resistivity]]
*[[Power in a circuit]]
*[[Ammeters,Voltmeters,Ohmmeters]]
*[[Current]]
**[[AC]]
*[[Ohm's Law]]
*[[Series Circuits]]
*[[Parallel Circuits]]
*[[RC]]
*[[Charge in a RC Circuit]]
*[[Current in a RC circuit]]
*[[Circular Loop of Wire]]
*[[RL Circuit]]
*[[LC Circuit]]
*[[Surface Charge Distributions]]
*[[Feedback]]
*[[Transformers (Circuits)]]
*[[Resistors and Conductivity]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Maxwell's Equations===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Gauss's Flux Theorem]]
**[[Electric Fields]]
**[[Magnetic Fields]]
*[[Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of Coaxial Cable Using Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Long Thick Wire Using Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Toroid Using Ampere's Law]]
*[[Faraday's Law]]
**[[Curly Electric Fields]]
**[[Inductance]]
***[[Transformers from a physics standpoint]]
***[[Energy Density]]
**[[Lenz's Law]]
***[[Lenz Effect and the Jumping Ring]]
**[[Motional Emf using Faraday's Law]]
*[[Ampere-Maxwell Law]]
*[[Superconductors]]
**[[Meissner effect]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Radiation===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Producing a Radiative Electric Field]]
*[[Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Radiaton]]
*[[Lenses]]
*[[Energy and Momentum Analysis in Radiation]]
*[[Electromagnetic Propagation]]
**[[Wavelength and Frequency]]
*[[Snell's Law]]
*[[Effects of Radiation on Matter]]
*[[Light Propagation Through a Medium]]
*[[Light Scaterring: Why is the Sky Blue]]
*[[Light Refraction: Bending of light]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Sound===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Doppler Effect]]
*[[Nature, Behavior, and Properties of Sound]]
*[[Resonance]]
*[[Sound Barrier]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Waves===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Multisource Interference: Diffraction]]
*[[Standing waves]]
*[[Gravitational waves]]
*[[Wave-Particle Duality]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Real Life Applications of Electromagnetic Principles===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Electromagnetic Junkyard Cranes]]
*[[Maglev Trains]]
</div>
</div>

== Resources ==
* Commonly used wiki commands [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet Wiki Cheatsheet]
* A guide to representing equations in math mode [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula Wiki Math Mode]
* A page to keep track of all the physics [[Constants]]
* An overview of [[VPython]]

Pierre Curie

2015-12-02T00:54:07Z

Yan49:

Created by yan49 (sorry! I had made this page before)
==Personal Life==
===Early Life===
Pierre Curie was born in Paris, France on May 15, 1859.

===Adulthood===

===Death===
Pierre Curie died in Paris, France on April 19, 1906.

==Scientific Work==
===Radioactivity===

===Crystallography===

===Magnetism===

===Piezoelectricity===

===Radioactivity===

==Awards==

==See Also==
===Further Reading===

===External Links===

==References==

https://www.aip.org/history/curie/pierre.htm

[[Category: Notable Scientists]]

Main Page

2015-12-01T21:45:54Z

Yan49: /* Notable Scientists */

__NOTOC__
Welcome to the Georgia Tech Wiki for Intro Physics. This resources was created so that students can contribute and curate content to help those with limited or no access to a textbook. When reading this website, please correct any errors you may come across. If you read something that isn't clear, please consider revising it!

Looking to make a contribution?
#Pick a specific topic from intro physics
#Add that topic, as a link to a new page, under the appropriate category listed below by editing this page.
#Copy and paste the default [[Template]] into your new page and start editing.

Please remember that this is not a textbook and you are not limited to expressing your ideas with only text and equations. Whenever possible embed: pictures, videos, diagrams, simulations, computational models (e.g. Glowscript), and whatever content you think makes learning physics easier for other students.

== Source Material ==
All of the content added to this resource must be in the public domain or similar free resource. If you are unsure about a source, contact the original author for permission. That said, there is a surprisingly large amount of introductory physics content scattered across the web. Here is an incomplete list of intro physics resources (please update as needed).
* A physics resource written by experts for an expert audience [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Physics Physics Portal]
* A wiki book on modern physics [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Modern_Physics Modern Physics Wiki]
* The MIT open courseware for intro physics [http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-8-002-a-wikitextbook-for-introductory-mechanics-fall-2009/index.htm MITOCW Wiki]
* An online concept map of intro physics [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html HyperPhysics]
* Interactive physics simulations [https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/physics PhET]
* OpenStax algebra based intro physics textbook [https://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics College Physics]
* The Open Source Physics project is a collection of online physics resources [http://www.opensourcephysics.org/ OSP]
* A resource guide compiled by the [http://www.aapt.org/ AAPT] for educators [http://www.compadre.org/ ComPADRE]

== Organizing Categories ==
These are the broad, overarching categories, that we cover in two semester of introductory physics. You can add subcategories or make a new category as needed. A single topic should direct readers to a page in one of these catagories.

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
===Interactions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Kinds of Matter]]
**[[Ball and Spring Model of Matter]]
*[[Detecting Interactions]]
*[[Fundamental Interactions]]
*[[System & Surroundings]]
*[[Newton's First Law of Motion]]
*[[Newton's Second Law of Motion]]
*[[Newton's Third Law of Motion]]
*[[Gravitational Force]]
*[[Electric Force]]
*[[Terminal Speed]]
*[[Simple Harmonic Motion]]
*[[Speed and Velocity]]
*[[Electric Polarization]]
*[[Perpetual Freefall (Orbit)]]

</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Theory===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity]]
*[[Quantum Theory]]
*[[Big Bang Theory]]
*[[Maxwell's Electromagnetic Theory]]
*[[Atomic Theory]]
*[[Wave-Particle Duality]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Notable Scientists===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Christian Doppler]]
*[[Albert Einstein]]
*[[Ernest Rutherford]]
*[[Joseph Henry]]
*[[Michael Faraday]]
*[[J.J. Thomson]]
*[[James Maxwell]]
*[[Robert Hooke]]
*[[Carl Friedrich Gauss]]
*[[Nikola Tesla]]
*[[Andre Marie Ampere]]
*[[Sir Isaac Newton]]
*[[J. Robert Oppenheimer]]
*[[Oliver Heaviside]]
*[[Rosalind Franklin]]
*[[Erwin Schrödinger]]
*[[Enrico Fermi]]
*[[Robert J. Van de Graaff]]
*[[Charles de Coulomb]]
*[[Hans Christian Ørsted]]
*[[Philo Farnsworth]]
*[[Niels Bohr]]
*[[Georg Ohm]]
*[[Galileo Galilei]]
*[[Gustav Kirchhoff]]
*[[Max Planck]]
*[[Heinrich Hertz]]
*[[Edwin Hall]]
*[[James Watt]]
*[[Count Alessandro Volta]]
*[[Josiah Willard Gibbs]]
*[[Richard Phillips Feynman]]
*[[Sir David Brewster]]
*[[Daniel Bernoulli]]
*[[William Thomson]]
*[[Leonhard Euler]]
*[[Robert Fox Bacher]]
*[[Stephen Hawking]]
*[[Amedeo Avogadro]]
*[[Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen]]
*[[Pierre Laplace]]
*[[Thomas Edison]]
*[[Hendrik Lorentz]]
*[[Jean-Baptiste Biot]]
*[[Lise Meitner]]
*[[Lisa Randall]]
*[[Felix Savart]]
*[[Heinrich Lenz]]
*[[Max Born]]
*[[Archimedes]]
*[[Jean Baptiste Biot]]
*[[Carl Sagan]]
*[[Eugene Wigner]]
*[[Marie Curie]]
*[[Pierre Curie]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Properties of Matter===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Mass]]
*[[Velocity]]
*[[Relative Velocity]]
*[[Density]]
*[[Charge]]
*[[Spin]]
*[[SI Units]]
*[[Heat Capacity]]
*[[Specific Heat]]
*[[Wavelength]]
*[[Conductivity]]
*[[Weight]]
*[[Boiling Point]]
*[[Melting Point]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Contact Interactions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Young's Modulus]]
* [[Friction]]
* [[Tension]]
* [[Hooke's Law]]
*[[Centripetal Force and Curving Motion]]
*[[Compression or Normal Force]]
* [[Length and Stiffness of an Interatomic Bond]]
* [[Speed of Sound in a Solid]]
* [[Iterative Prediction of Spring-Mass System]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Momentum===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Vectors]]
* [[Kinematics]]
* [[Conservation of Momentum]]
* [[Predicting Change in multiple dimensions]]
* [[Momentum Principle]]
* [[Impulse Momentum]]
* [[Curving Motion]]
* [[Multi-particle Analysis of Momentum]]
* [[Iterative Prediction]]
* [[Newton's Laws and Linear Momentum]]
* [[Net Force]]
* [[Center of Mass]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Angular Momentum===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[The Moments of Inertia]]
* [[Moment of Inertia for a ring]]
* [[Rotation]]
* [[Torque]]
* [[Systems with Zero Torque]]
* [[Systems with Nonzero Torque]]
* [[Right Hand Rule]]
* [[Angular Velocity]]
* [[Predicting the Position of a Rotating System]]
* [[Translational Angular Momentum]]
* [[The Angular Momentum Principle]]
* [[Rotational Angular Momentum]]
* [[Total Angular Momentum]]

</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Energy===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[The Photoelectric Effect]]
*[[Photons]]
*[[The Energy Principle]]
*[[Predicting Change]]
*[[Rest Mass Energy]]
*[[Kinetic Energy]]
*[[Potential Energy]]
*[[Work]]
*[[Thermal Energy]]
*[[Conservation of Energy]]
*[[Electric Potential]]
*[[Energy Transfer due to a Temperature Difference]]
*[[Gravitational Potential Energy]]
*[[Point Particle Systems]]
*[[Real Systems]]
*[[Spring Potential Energy]]
**[[Ball and Spring Model]]
*[[Internal Energy]]
**[[Potential Energy of a Pair of Neutral Atoms]]
*[[Translational, Rotational and Vibrational Energy]]
*[[Franck-Hertz Experiment]]
*[[Power]]
*[[Energy Graphs]]
*[[Air Resistance]]
*[[Electronic Energy Levels]]
*[[Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy]]
*[[Specific Heat Capacity]]
*[[Electronic Energy Levels and Photons]]
*[[Energy Density]]
*[[Bohr Model]]
*[[Quantized energy levels]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Collisions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Collisions]]
*[[Maximally Inelastic Collision]]
*[[Elastic Collisions]]
*[[Inelastic Collisions]]
*[[Head-on Collision of Equal Masses]]
*[[Head-on Collision of Unequal Masses]]
*[[Rutherford Experiment and Atomic Collisions]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Fields===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Electric Field]] of a
** [[Point Charge]]
** [[Electric Dipole]]
** [[Capacitor]]
** [[Charged Rod]]
** [[Charged Ring]]
** [[Charged Disk]]
** [[Charged Spherical Shell]]
** [[Charged Cylinder]]
**[[A Solid Sphere Charged Throughout Its Volume]]
*[[Electric Potential]]
**[[Potential Difference Path Independence]]
**[[Potential Difference in a Uniform Field]]
**[[Potential Difference of point charge in a non-Uniform Field]]
**[[Sign of Potential Difference]]
**[[Potential Difference in an Insulator]]
**[[Energy Density and Electric Field]]
** [[Systems of Charged Objects]]
*[[Electric Force]]
*[[Polarization]]
*[[Charge Motion in Metals]]
*[[Charge Transfer]]
*[[Magnetic Field]]
**[[Right-Hand Rule]]
**[[Direction of Magnetic Field]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Wire]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Loop]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Solenoid]]
**[[Bar Magnet]]
**[[Magnetic Dipole Moment]]
**[[Magnetic Force]]
**[[Hall Effect]]
**[[Lorentz Force]]
**[[Biot-Savart Law]]
**[[Biot-Savart Law for Currents]]
**[[Integration Techniques for Magnetic Field]]
**[[Sparks in Air]]
**[[Motional Emf]]
**[[Detecting a Magnetic Field]]
**[[Moving Point Charge]]
**[[Non-Coulomb Electric Field]]
**[[Motors and Generators]]
**[[Solenoid Applications]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Simple Circuits===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Components]]
*[[Steady State]]
*[[Non Steady State]]
*[[Charging and Discharging a Capacitor]]
*[[Thin and Thick Wires]]
*[[Node Rule]]
*[[Loop Rule]]
*[[Electrical Resistance]]
*[[Power in a circuit]]
*[[Ammeters,Voltmeters,Ohmmeters]]
*[[Current]]
**[[AC]]
*[[Ohm's Law]]
*[[Series Circuits]]
*[[RC]]
*[[Current in a RC circuit]]
*[[Circular Loop of Wire]]
*[[RL Circuit]]
*[[LC Circuit]]
*[[Surface Charge Distributions]]
*[[Feedback]]
*[[Transformers]]
*[[Resistors and Conductivity]]
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Maxwell's Equations===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Gauss's Flux Theorem]]
**[[Electric Fields]]
**[[Magnetic Fields]]
*[[Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of Coaxial Cable Using Ampere's Law]]
*[[Faraday's Law]]
**[[Curly Electric Fields]]
**[[Inductance]]
***[[Transformers]]
***[[Energy Density]]
**[[Lenz's Law]]
***[[Lenz Effect and the Jumping Ring]]
**[[Motional Emf using Faraday's Law]]
*[[Ampere-Maxwell Law]]
*[[Superconductors]]
**[[Meissner effect]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Radiation===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Producing a Radiative Electric Field]]
*[[Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Radiaton]]
*[[Lenses]]
*[[Energy and Momentum Analysis in Radiation]]
*[[Properties of electromagnetic Waves]]
*[[Electromagnetic Propagation]]
**[[Wavelength and Frequency]]
*[[Snell's Law]]
*[[Light Propagation Through a Medium]]
*[[Light Scaterring: Why is the Sky Blue]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Sound===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Doppler Effect]]
*[[Nature, Behavior, and Properties of Sound]]
*[[Resonance]]
*[[Sound Barrier]]
</div>
</div>
*[[blahb]]
</div>
</div>

== Resources ==
* Commonly used wiki commands [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet Wiki Cheatsheet]
* A guide to representing equations in math mode [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula Wiki Math Mode]
* A page to keep track of all the physics [[Constants]]
* An overview of [[VPython]]