Physics Book - User contributions [en]

Shuji Nakamura

2015-12-06T00:06:25Z

Unkadi3: /* Further sources */

Created and Claimed by Unkadi3 (Uche Nkadi). PHYS 2212.

Shuji Nakamura is a Japanese-born American electronic engineer that specializes in the field of semiconductor technology. His most notable accomplishment is the invention of the blue LED light which won him a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2014.
[[File:Shuji8x10.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Shuji Nakamura]]

==Early Years and Career==

Shuji Nakamura was born on May 22, 1954 in Ehime, Japan. He recieved all four of his degrees in Electrical Enginnering from the University of Tokushima, Japan. He recieved B.E. in 1977, an M.S in 1979., and finally his Ph.D in 1994. He joined Nichia Chemical Industries Ltd in 1979. In 1988, he spent a year at the University of Florida as a visiting research associate. For his research was awarded a D.Eng. degree from the University of Tokushima in 1994. He left Nichia Corporation in 1999 and became a professor of engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

== Research ==
[[File:BlueLED.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Blue LED Light Invention]]
While working for Nichia, Nakamura invented the first high brightness gallium nitride (GaN) LED. Its brilliant blue light, when partially converted to yellow by a phosphor coating, became the key to white LED lighting, which went into production in 1993. In 1989 he started the research of blue LEDs using group-III nitride materials. In 1990, he developed a novel MOCVD system for GaN growth, which was named Two-Flow MOCVD. Using this system, he was able to grow the highest crystal quality GaN-based materials. In his own opinion, the invention of Two-Flow MOCVD was the biggest breakthrough in his life and his GaN-based research. In 1991, he obtained p-type GaN films by thermal annealing for the first time which allowed him to clarify the Hydrogen passivation as a hole compensation mechanism for the first time. In 1992, he grew the first InGaN single crystal layers which showed the first band to band emission in PL and EL at room temperature. These InGaN layers have been used for an emitting layer of all of the blue/green/white LEDs and all of the violet/blue/green semiconductor lasers. His invention of InGaN layers was extremely important because without it, there would have been no blue/green/white LEDs or violet/blue/green semiconductor laser diodes. In 1993 and 1995 he developed the first group-III nitride-based high-brightness blue/green LEDs. He also developed the first group-III nitride-based violet laser diodes (LDs) in 1995. In 1996, his former company, Nichia, started selling white LEDs by using his invention of blue LEDs. These white LEDs have been used for all kinds of lighting applications in order to save energy consumptions. The electric consumption of white LEDs is about one tenth in comparison with that of conventional incandescent bulb lamp nowadays. In 1999, Nichia started selling the violet laser diodes for the application of blue-ray DVDs. Without his invention of violet laser diodes, the blue ray DVD would not have been created.

== Notable Awards ==

Over the years, Professor Nakamura has become very decorated with awards. He won the Nishina Memorial Award in 1996, the Materials Research Society Medal Award in 1997, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Jack A. Morton Award and the British Rank Prize in 1998, the Benjamin Franklin Medal Award in 2002, the Millennium Technology Prize in 2006, the Czochralski Award in 2007, the Prince of Asturias Award for Technical Scientific Research in 2008, The Harvey Award in 2009, and the Technology & Engineering Emmy Award in 2012 awarded by The National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (NATAS). With his many accomplishments, he was elected as a fellow of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering in 2003. In 2014, he won the Nobel Prize of Physics for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources. He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2015. Most recently, he has received the 2015 Charles Stark Draper Prize for Engineering and the 2015 Global Energy Prize in Russia. He holds more than 200 US patents, over 300 Japanese patents and he has published over 550 papers in his field.

==References==

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura

http://www.pacbiztimes.com/2014/10/10/laureate-fought-the-odds-to-make-history/

===Further sources===

Blue LED inventor Shuji Nakamura speaks about the future of lighting at LuxLive

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-oBvPYx1NQ

Invention of Blue LED Laser and Solid State Light

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTb778QBwMw

Shuji Nakamura

2015-12-06T00:06:01Z

Unkadi3:

Created and Claimed by Unkadi3 (Uche Nkadi). PHYS 2212.

Shuji Nakamura is a Japanese-born American electronic engineer that specializes in the field of semiconductor technology. His most notable accomplishment is the invention of the blue LED light which won him a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2014.
[[File:Shuji8x10.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Shuji Nakamura]]

==Early Years and Career==

Shuji Nakamura was born on May 22, 1954 in Ehime, Japan. He recieved all four of his degrees in Electrical Enginnering from the University of Tokushima, Japan. He recieved B.E. in 1977, an M.S in 1979., and finally his Ph.D in 1994. He joined Nichia Chemical Industries Ltd in 1979. In 1988, he spent a year at the University of Florida as a visiting research associate. For his research was awarded a D.Eng. degree from the University of Tokushima in 1994. He left Nichia Corporation in 1999 and became a professor of engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

== Research ==
[[File:BlueLED.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Blue LED Light Invention]]
While working for Nichia, Nakamura invented the first high brightness gallium nitride (GaN) LED. Its brilliant blue light, when partially converted to yellow by a phosphor coating, became the key to white LED lighting, which went into production in 1993. In 1989 he started the research of blue LEDs using group-III nitride materials. In 1990, he developed a novel MOCVD system for GaN growth, which was named Two-Flow MOCVD. Using this system, he was able to grow the highest crystal quality GaN-based materials. In his own opinion, the invention of Two-Flow MOCVD was the biggest breakthrough in his life and his GaN-based research. In 1991, he obtained p-type GaN films by thermal annealing for the first time which allowed him to clarify the Hydrogen passivation as a hole compensation mechanism for the first time. In 1992, he grew the first InGaN single crystal layers which showed the first band to band emission in PL and EL at room temperature. These InGaN layers have been used for an emitting layer of all of the blue/green/white LEDs and all of the violet/blue/green semiconductor lasers. His invention of InGaN layers was extremely important because without it, there would have been no blue/green/white LEDs or violet/blue/green semiconductor laser diodes. In 1993 and 1995 he developed the first group-III nitride-based high-brightness blue/green LEDs. He also developed the first group-III nitride-based violet laser diodes (LDs) in 1995. In 1996, his former company, Nichia, started selling white LEDs by using his invention of blue LEDs. These white LEDs have been used for all kinds of lighting applications in order to save energy consumptions. The electric consumption of white LEDs is about one tenth in comparison with that of conventional incandescent bulb lamp nowadays. In 1999, Nichia started selling the violet laser diodes for the application of blue-ray DVDs. Without his invention of violet laser diodes, the blue ray DVD would not have been created.

== Notable Awards ==

Over the years, Professor Nakamura has become very decorated with awards. He won the Nishina Memorial Award in 1996, the Materials Research Society Medal Award in 1997, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Jack A. Morton Award and the British Rank Prize in 1998, the Benjamin Franklin Medal Award in 2002, the Millennium Technology Prize in 2006, the Czochralski Award in 2007, the Prince of Asturias Award for Technical Scientific Research in 2008, The Harvey Award in 2009, and the Technology & Engineering Emmy Award in 2012 awarded by The National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (NATAS). With his many accomplishments, he was elected as a fellow of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering in 2003. In 2014, he won the Nobel Prize of Physics for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources. He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2015. Most recently, he has received the 2015 Charles Stark Draper Prize for Engineering and the 2015 Global Energy Prize in Russia. He holds more than 200 US patents, over 300 Japanese patents and he has published over 550 papers in his field.

==References==

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura

http://www.pacbiztimes.com/2014/10/10/laureate-fought-the-odds-to-make-history/

===Further sources===

Blue LED inventor Shuji Nakamura speaks about the future of lighting at LuxLive
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-oBvPYx1NQ

Invention of Blue LED Laser and Solid State Light
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTb778QBwMw

Shuji Nakamura

2015-12-05T21:02:06Z

Unkadi3:

Created and Claimed by Unkadi3 (Uche Nkadi). PHYS 2212.

Shuji Nakamura is a Japanese-born American electronic engineer that specializes in the field of semiconductor technology. His most notable accomplishment is the invention of the blue LED light which won him a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2014.
[[File:Shuji8x10.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Shuji Nakamura]]

==Early Years and Career==

Shuji Nakamura was born on May 22, 1954 in Ehime, Japan. He recieved all four of his degrees in Electrical Enginnering from the University of Tokushima, Japan. He recieved B.E. in 1977, an M.S in 1979., and finally his Ph.D in 1994. He joined Nichia Chemical Industries Ltd in 1979. In 1988, he spent a year at the University of Florida as a visiting research associate. For his research was awarded a D.Eng. degree from the University of Tokushima in 1994. He left Nichia Corporation in 1999 and became a professor of engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

== Research ==
[[File:BlueLED.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Blue LED Light Invention]]
While working for Nichia, Nakamura invented the first high brightness gallium nitride (GaN) LED. Its brilliant blue light, when partially converted to yellow by a phosphor coating, became the key to white LED lighting, which went into production in 1993. In 1989 he started the research of blue LEDs using group-III nitride materials. In 1990, he developed a novel MOCVD system for GaN growth, which was named Two-Flow MOCVD. Using this system, he was able to grow the highest crystal quality GaN-based materials. In his own opinion, the invention of Two-Flow MOCVD was the biggest breakthrough in his life and his GaN-based research. In 1991, he obtained p-type GaN films by thermal annealing for the first time which allowed him to clarify the Hydrogen passivation as a hole compensation mechanism for the first time. In 1992, he grew the first InGaN single crystal layers which showed the first band to band emission in PL and EL at room temperature. These InGaN layers have been used for an emitting layer of all of the blue/green/white LEDs and all of the violet/blue/green semiconductor lasers. His invention of InGaN layers was extremely important because without it, there would have been no blue/green/white LEDs or violet/blue/green semiconductor laser diodes. In 1993 and 1995 he developed the first group-III nitride-based high-brightness blue/green LEDs. He also developed the first group-III nitride-based violet laser diodes (LDs) in 1995. In 1996, his former company, Nichia, started selling white LEDs by using his invention of blue LEDs. These white LEDs have been used for all kinds of lighting applications in order to save energy consumptions. The electric consumption of white LEDs is about one tenth in comparison with that of conventional incandescent bulb lamp nowadays. In 1999, Nichia started selling the violet laser diodes for the application of blue-ray DVDs. Without his invention of violet laser diodes, the blue ray DVD would not have been created.

== Notable Awards ==

Over the years, Professor Nakamura has become very decorated with awards. He won the Nishina Memorial Award in 1996, the Materials Research Society Medal Award in 1997, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Jack A. Morton Award and the British Rank Prize in 1998, the Benjamin Franklin Medal Award in 2002, the Millennium Technology Prize in 2006, the Czochralski Award in 2007, the Prince of Asturias Award for Technical Scientific Research in 2008, The Harvey Award in 2009, and the Technology & Engineering Emmy Award in 2012 awarded by The National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (NATAS). With his many accomplishments, he was elected as a fellow of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering in 2003. In 2014, he won the Nobel Prize of Physics for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources. He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2015. Most recently, he has received the 2015 Charles Stark Draper Prize for Engineering and the 2015 Global Energy Prize in Russia. He holds more than 200 US patents, over 300 Japanese patents and he has published over 550 papers in his field

==References==

===Further sources===

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-oBvPYx1NQ

File:BlueLED.jpg

2015-12-05T20:56:38Z

Unkadi3:

Shuji Nakamura

2015-12-05T20:53:01Z

Unkadi3: /* Notable Awards */

Created and Claimed by Unkadi3 (Uche Nkadi). PHYS 2212.

Shuji Nakamura is a Japanese-born American electronic engineer that specializes in the field of semiconductor technology. His most notable accomplishment is the invention of the blue LED light which won him a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2014.
[[File:Shuji8x10.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Shuji Nakamura]]

==Early Years and Career==

Shuji Nakamura was born on May 22, 1954 in Ehime, Japan. He recieved all four of his degrees in Electrical Enginnering from the University of Tokushima, Japan. He recieved B.E. in 1977, an M.S in 1979., and finally his Ph.D in 1994. He joined Nichia Chemical Industries Ltd in 1979. In 1988, he spent a year at the University of Florida as a visiting research associate. For his research was awarded a D.Eng. degree from the University of Tokushima in 1994. He left Nichia Corporation in 1999 and became a professor of engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

== Research ==
While working for Nichia, Nakamura invented the first high brightness gallium nitride (GaN) LED. Its brilliant blue light, when partially converted to yellow by a phosphor coating, became the key to white LED lighting, which went into production in 1993. In 1989 he started the research of blue LEDs using group-III nitride materials. In 1990, he developed a novel MOCVD system for GaN growth, which was named Two-Flow MOCVD. Using this system, he was able to grow the highest crystal quality GaN-based materials. In his own opinion, the invention of Two-Flow MOCVD was the biggest breakthrough in his life and his GaN-based research. In 1991, he obtained p-type GaN films by thermal annealing for the first time which allowed him to clarify the Hydrogen passivation as a hole compensation mechanism for the first time. In 1992, he grew the first InGaN single crystal layers which showed the first band to band emission in PL and EL at room temperature. These InGaN layers have been used for an emitting layer of all of the blue/green/white LEDs and all of the violet/blue/green semiconductor lasers. His invention of InGaN layers was extremely important because without it, there would have been no blue/green/white LEDs or violet/blue/green semiconductor laser diodes. In 1993 and 1995 he developed the first group-III nitride-based high-brightness blue/green LEDs. He also developed the first group-III nitride-based violet laser diodes (LDs) in 1995. In 1996, his former company, Nichia, started selling white LEDs by using his invention of blue LEDs. These white LEDs have been used for all kinds of lighting applications in order to save energy consumptions. The electric consumption of white LEDs is about one tenth in comparison with that of conventional incandescent bulb lamp nowadays. In 1999, Nichia started selling the violet laser diodes for the application of blue-ray DVDs. Without his invention of violet laser diodes, the blue ray DVD would not have been created.

== Notable Awards ==

Over the years, Professor Nakamura has become very decorated with awards. He won the Nishina Memorial Award in 1996, the Materials Research Society Medal Award in 1997, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Jack A. Morton Award and the British Rank Prize in 1998, the Benjamin Franklin Medal Award in 2002, the Millennium Technology Prize in 2006, the Czochralski Award in 2007, the Prince of Asturias Award for Technical Scientific Research in 2008, The Harvey Award in 2009, and the Technology & Engineering Emmy Award in 2012 awarded by The National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (NATAS). With his many accomplishments, he was elected as a fellow of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering in 2003. In 2014, he won the Nobel Prize of Physics for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources. He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2015. Most recently, he has received the 2015 Charles Stark Draper Prize for Engineering and the 2015 Global Energy Prize in Russia. He holds more than 200 US patents, over 300 Japanese patents and he has published over 550 papers in his field

==References==

===Further sources===

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-oBvPYx1NQ

Shuji Nakamura

2015-12-05T20:42:36Z

Unkadi3: /* Research */

Shuji Nakamura

2015-12-05T20:18:56Z

Unkadi3: /* Early Years and Career */

Shuji Nakamura

2015-12-05T20:09:22Z

Unkadi3: /* Further sources */

Shuji Nakamura

2015-12-05T20:04:45Z

Unkadi3:

Shuji Nakamura

2015-12-05T20:04:08Z

Unkadi3:

Created and Claimed by Unkadi3 (Uche Nkadi). PHYS 2212.

Shuji Nakamura is a Japanese-born American electronic engineer that inventor specializes in the field of semiconductor technology. His most notable accomplishment is the invention of the blue LED light which won him a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2014.
[[File:Shuji8x10.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Shuji Nakamura]]

==Early Years and Career==

== Research ==

== Notable Awards ==

==References==

===Further sources===

Shuji Nakamura

2015-12-05T20:01:58Z

Unkadi3:

Created and Claimed by Unkadi3 (Uche Nkadi). PHYS 2212.

Shuji Nakamura was a.
[[File:Shuji8x10.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Shuji Nakamura]]

==Early Years and Career==

== Research ==

== Notable Awards ==

==References==

===Further sources===

Shuji Nakamura

2015-12-05T19:39:52Z

Unkadi3:

Created and Claimed by Unkadi3 (Uche Nkadi). PHYS 2212.

Shuji Nakamura was a.
[[File:Shuji8x10.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Shuji Nakamura]]

==Early Years and Career==

== Establishment ==

== Research ==

== Notable Awards ==

==References==

===Further sources===

Shuji Nakamura

2015-12-05T19:37:54Z

Unkadi3:

Shuji Nakamura

2015-12-05T19:37:31Z

Unkadi3:

Created and Claimed by Unkadi3 (Uche Nkadi). PHYS 2212.

Shuji Nakamura was a.
[[File:Shuji8x10.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Shuji Nakamura]]

==Early Years and Career==

== Establishment ==

== Research ==

== Notable Awards ==

===Further sources===

==References==

Shuji Nakamura

2015-12-05T19:37:17Z

Unkadi3:

Created and Claimed by Unkadi3 (Uche Nkadi). PHYS 2212.

Shuji Nakamura was a.
[[File:Shuji8x10.jpg|500px|thumb|right|Shuji Nakamura]]

==Early Years and Career==

== Establishment ==

== Research ==

== Notable Awards ==

===Further sources===

==References==

File:Shuji8x10.jpg

2015-12-05T19:33:41Z

Unkadi3:

Shuji Nakamura

2015-12-05T19:32:40Z

Unkadi3: Created page with "Created and Claimed by Unkadi3 (Uche Nkadi). PHYS 2212. Shuji Nakamura was a. ==Early Years and Career== == Establishment == == Research == == Notable Awards ==..."

Created and Claimed by Unkadi3 (Uche Nkadi). PHYS 2212.

Shuji Nakamura was a.

==Early Years and Career==

== Establishment ==

== Research ==

== Notable Awards ==

===Further sources===

==References==

Main Page

2015-12-05T19:19:36Z

Unkadi3: /* Notable Scientists */

__NOTOC__
Welcome to the Georgia Tech Wiki for Intro Physics. This resources was created so that students can contribute and curate content to help those with limited or no access to a textbook. When reading this website, please correct any errors you may come across. If you read something that isn't clear, please consider revising it!

Looking to make a contribution?
#Pick a specific topic from intro physics
#Add that topic, as a link to a new page, under the appropriate category listed below by editing this page.
#Copy and paste the default [[Template]] into your new page and start editing.

Please remember that this is not a textbook and you are not limited to expressing your ideas with only text and equations. Whenever possible embed: pictures, videos, diagrams, simulations, computational models (e.g. Glowscript), and whatever content you think makes learning physics easier for other students.

== Source Material ==
All of the content added to this resource must be in the public domain or similar free resource. If you are unsure about a source, contact the original author for permission. That said, there is a surprisingly large amount of introductory physics content scattered across the web. Here is an incomplete list of intro physics resources (please update as needed).
* A physics resource written by experts for an expert audience [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Physics Physics Portal]
* A wiki book on modern physics [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Modern_Physics Modern Physics Wiki]
* The MIT open courseware for intro physics [http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-8-002-a-wikitextbook-for-introductory-mechanics-fall-2009/index.htm MITOCW Wiki]
* An online concept map of intro physics [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html HyperPhysics]
* Interactive physics simulations [https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/physics PhET]
* OpenStax algebra based intro physics textbook [https://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics College Physics]
* The Open Source Physics project is a collection of online physics resources [http://www.opensourcephysics.org/ OSP]
* A resource guide compiled by the [http://www.aapt.org/ AAPT] for educators [http://www.compadre.org/ ComPADRE]

== Organizing Categories ==
These are the broad, overarching categories, that we cover in two semester of introductory physics. You can add subcategories or make a new category as needed. A single topic should direct readers to a page in one of these catagories.

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
===Interactions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Kinds of Matter]]
**[[Ball and Spring Model of Matter]]
*[[Detecting Interactions]]
*[[Escape Velocity]]
*[[Fundamental Interactions]]
*[[Determinism]]
*[[System & Surroundings]]
*[[Free Body Diagram]]
*[[Newton's First Law of Motion]]
*[[Newton's Second Law of Motion]]
*[[Newton's Third Law of Motion]]
*[[Gravitational Force]]
*[[Electric Force]]
*[[Conservation of Energy]]
*[[Conservation of Charge]]
*[[Terminal Speed]]
*[[Simple Harmonic Motion]]
*[[Speed and Velocity]]
*[[Electric Polarization]]
*[[Perpetual Freefall (Orbit)]]
*[[2-Dimensional Motion]]
*[[Center of Mass]]
*[[Reaction Time]]
*[[Time Dilation]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Modeling with VPython===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[VPython]]
*[[VPython basics]]
*[[VPython Common Errors and Troubleshooting]]
*[[VPython Functions]]
*[[VPython Lists]]
*[[VPython Multithreading]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Theory===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity]]
*[[Einstein's Theory of General Relativity]]
*[[Quantum Theory]]
*[[Maxwell's Electromagnetic Theory]]
*[[Atomic Theory]]
*[[String Theory]]
*[[Elementary Particles and Particle Physics Theory]]
*[[Law of Gravitation]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Notable Scientists===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov]]
*[[Christian Doppler]]
*[[Albert Einstein]]
*[[Ernest Rutherford]]
*[[Joseph Henry]]
*[[Michael Faraday]]
*[[J.J. Thomson]]
*[[James Maxwell]]
*[[Robert Hooke]]
*[[Carl Friedrich Gauss]]
*[[Nikola Tesla]]
*[[Andre Marie Ampere]]
*[[Sir Isaac Newton]]
*[[J. Robert Oppenheimer]]
*[[Oliver Heaviside]]
*[[Rosalind Franklin]]
*[[Enrico Fermi]]
*[[Robert J. Van de Graaff]]
*[[Charles de Coulomb]]
*[[Hans Christian Ørsted]]
*[[Philo Farnsworth]]
*[[Niels Bohr]]
*[[Georg Ohm]]
*[[Galileo Galilei]]
*[[Gustav Kirchhoff]]
*[[Max Planck]]
*[[Heinrich Hertz]]
*[[Edwin Hall]]
*[[James Watt]]
*[[Count Alessandro Volta]]
*[[Josiah Willard Gibbs]]
*[[Richard Phillips Feynman]]
*[[Sir David Brewster]]
*[[Daniel Bernoulli]]
*[[William Thomson]]
*[[Leonhard Euler]]
*[[Robert Fox Bacher]]
*[[Stephen Hawking]]
*[[Amedeo Avogadro]]
*[[Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen]]
*[[Pierre Laplace]]
*[[Thomas Edison]]
*[[Hendrik Lorentz]]
*[[Jean-Baptiste Biot]]
*[[Lise Meitner]]
*[[Lisa Randall]]
*[[Felix Savart]]
*[[Heinrich Lenz]]
*[[Max Born]]
*[[Archimedes]]
*[[Jean Baptiste Biot]]
*[[Carl Sagan]]
*[[Eugene Wigner]]
*[[Marie Curie]]
*[[Pierre Curie]]
*[[Werner Heisenberg]]
*[[Johannes Diderik van der Waals]]
*[[Louis de Broglie]]
*[[Aristotle]]
*[[Émilie du Châtelet]]
*[[Blaise Pascal]]
*[[Benjamin Franklin]]
*[[James Chadwick]]
*[[Henry Cavendish]]
*[[Thomas Young]]
*[[James Prescott Joule]]
*[[John Bardeen]]
*[[Leo Baekeland]]
*[[Alhazen]]
*[[Willebrord Snell]]
*[[Fritz Walther Meissner]]
*[[Johannes Kepler]]
*[[Johann Wilhelm Ritter]]
*[[Philipp Lenard]]
*[[Robert A. Millikan]]
*[[Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac]]
*[[Guglielmo Marconi]]
*[[William Lawrence Bragg]]
*[[Robert Goddard]]
*[[Léon Foucault]]
*[[Henri Poincaré]]
*[[Steven Weinberg]]
*[[Arthur Compton]]
*[[Pythagoras of Samos]]
*[[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]]
*[[Wilhelm Eduard Weber]]
*[[Edmond Becquerel]]
*[[Joseph Rotblat]]
*[[Carl David Anderson]]
*[[Hermann von Helmholtz]]
*[[Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot]]
*[[Wallace Carothers]]
*[[David J. Wineland]]
*[[Rudolf Clausius]]
*[[Edward L. Norton]]
*[[Shuji Nakamura]]

</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Properties of Matter===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Mass]]
*[[Velocity]]
*[[Relative Velocity]]
*[[Density]]
*[[Charge]]
*[[Spin]]
*[[SI Units]]
*[[Heat Capacity]]
*[[Specific Heat]]
*[[Wavelength]]
*[[Conductivity]]
*[[Malleability]]
*[[Weight]]
*[[Boiling Point]]
*[[Melting Point]]
*[[Inertia]]
*[[Non-Newtonian Fluids]]
*[[Ferrofluids]]
*[[Color]]
*[[Temperature]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Contact Interactions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Young's Modulus]]
* [[Friction]]
* [[Tension]]
* [[Hooke's Law]]
*[[Centripetal Force and Curving Motion]]
*[[Compression or Normal Force]]
* [[Length and Stiffness of an Interatomic Bond]]
* [[Speed of Sound in a Solid]]
* [[Iterative Prediction of Spring-Mass System]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Momentum===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Vectors]]
* [[Kinematics]]
* [[Conservation of Momentum]]
* [[Predicting Change in multiple dimensions]]
* [[Derivation of the Momentum Principle]]
* [[Momentum Principle]]
* [[Impulse Momentum]]
* [[Curving Motion]]
* [[Projectile Motion]]
* [[Multi-particle Analysis of Momentum]]
* [[Iterative Prediction]]
* [[Analytical Prediction]]
* [[Newton's Laws and Linear Momentum]]
* [[Net Force]]
* [[Center of Mass]]
* [[Momentum at High Speeds]]
* [[Change in Momentum in Time for Curving Motion]]
* [[Momentum with respect to external Forces]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Angular Momentum===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[The Moments of Inertia]]
* [[Moment of Inertia for a cylinder]]
* [[Rotation]]
* [[Torque]]
* [[Systems with Zero Torque]]
* [[Systems with Nonzero Torque]]
* [[Torque vs Work]]
* [[Angular Impulse]]
* [[Right Hand Rule]]
* [[Angular Velocity]]
* [[Predicting the Position of a Rotating System]]
* [[Translational Angular Momentum]]
* [[The Angular Momentum Principle]]
* [[Angular Momentum of Multiparticle Systems]]
* [[Rotational Angular Momentum]]
* [[Total Angular Momentum]]
* [[Gyroscopes]]
* [[Angular Momentum Compared to Linear Momentum]]

</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Energy===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[The Photoelectric Effect]]
*[[Photons]]
*[[The Energy Principle]]
*[[Predicting Change]]
*[[Rest Mass Energy]]
*[[Kinetic Energy]]
*[[Potential Energy]]
**[[Potential Energy for a Magnetic Dipole]]
**[[Potential Energy of a Multiparticle System]]
*[[Work]]
**[[Work Done By A Nonconstant Force]]
*[[Work and Energy for an Extended System]]
*[[Thermal Energy]]
*[[Conservation of Energy]]
*[[Electric Potential]]
*[[Energy Transfer due to a Temperature Difference]]
*[[Gravitational Potential Energy]]
*[[Point Particle Systems]]
*[[Real Systems]]
*[[Spring Potential Energy]]
**[[Ball and Spring Model]]
*[[Internal Energy]]
**[[Potential Energy of a Pair of Neutral Atoms]]
*[[Translational, Rotational and Vibrational Energy]]
*[[Franck-Hertz Experiment]]
*[[Power (Mechanical)]]
*[[Transformation of Energy]]

*[[Energy Graphs]]
**[[Energy graphs and the Bohr model]]
*[[Air Resistance]]
*[[Electronic Energy Levels]]
*[[Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy]]
*[[Specific Heat Capacity]]
*[[The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution]]
*[[Electronic Energy Levels and Photons]]
*[[Energy Density]]
*[[Bohr Model]]
*[[Quantized energy levels]]
**[[Spontaneous Photon Emission]]
*[[Path Independence of Electric Potential]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Collisions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Collisions]]
Collisions are events that happen very frequently in our day-to-day world. In the realm of Physics, a collision is defined as any sort of process in which before and after a short time interval there is little interaction, but during that short time interval there are large interactions. When looking at collisions, it is first important to understand two very important principles: the Momentum Principle and the Energy Principle. Both principles serve use when talking of collisions because they provide a way in which to analyze these collisions. Collisions themselves can be categorized into 3 main different types: elastic collisions, inelastic collisions, maximally inelastic collisions. All 3 collisions will get touched on in more detail further on.
*[[Elastic Collisions]]
A collision is deemed "elastic" when the internal energy of the objects in the system does not change (in other words, change in internal energy equals 0). Because in an elastic collision no kinetic energy is converted over to internal energy, in any elastic collision Kfinal always equals Kinitial.
*[[Inelastic Collisions]]
A collision is said to be "inelastic" when it is not elastic; therefore, an inelastic collision is an interaction in which some change in internal energy occurs between the colliding objects (in other words, change in internal energy does not equal 0). Examples of such changes that occur between colliding objects include, but are not limited to, things like they get hot, or they vibrate/rotate, or they deform. Because some of the kinetic energy is converted to internal energy during an inelastic collision, Kfinal does not equal Kinitial.
*[[Maximally Inelastic Collision]]
*[[Head-on Collision of Equal Masses]]
*[[Head-on Collision of Unequal Masses]]
*[[Frame of Reference]]
*[[Scattering: Collisions in 2D and 3D]]
*[[Rutherford Experiment and Atomic Collisions]]
*[[Coefficient of Restitution]]
*[[testing123]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Fields===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Electric Field]] of a
** [[Point Charge]]
** [[Electric Dipole]]
** [[Capacitor]]
** [[Charged Rod]]
** [[Charged Ring]]
** [[Charged Disk]]
** [[Charged Spherical Shell]]
** [[Charged Cylinder]]
** [[Charge Density]]
**[[A Solid Sphere Charged Throughout Its Volume]]
*[[Superposition Principle]]
*[[Electric Potential]]
**[[Potential Difference Path Independence]]
**[[Potential Difference in a Uniform Field]]
**[[Potential Difference of point charge in a non-Uniform Field]]
**[[Potential Difference at One Location]]
**[[Sign of Potential Difference]]
**[[Potential Difference in an Insulator]]
**[[Energy Density and Electric Field]]
** [[Systems of Charged Objects]]
*[[Electric Force]]
*[[Polarization]]
**[[Polarization of an Atom]]
*[[Charge Motion in Metals]]
*[[Charge Transfer]]
*[[Magnetic Field]]
**[[Right-Hand Rule]]
**[[Direction of Magnetic Field]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Wire]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Loop]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Solenoid]]
**[[Bar Magnet]]
**[[Magnetic Dipole Moment]]
***[[Stern-Gerlach Experiment]]
**[[Magnetic Torque]]
**[[Magnetic Force]]
**[[Earth's Magnetic Field]]
**[[Atomic Structure of Magnets]]
*[[Combining Electric and Magnetic Forces]]
**[[Hall Effect]]
**[[Lorentz Force]]
**[[Biot-Savart Law]]
**[[Biot-Savart Law for Currents]]
**[[Integration Techniques for Magnetic Field]]
**[[Sparks in Air]]
**[[Motional Emf]]
**[[Detecting a Magnetic Field]]
**[[Moving Point Charge]]
**[[Non-Coulomb Electric Field]]
**[[Motors and Generators]]
**[[Solenoid Applications]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Simple Circuits===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Components]]
*[[Steady State]]
*[[Non Steady State]]
*[[Charging and Discharging a Capacitor]]
*[[Thin and Thick Wires]]
*[[Node Rule]]
*[[Loop Rule]]
*[[Resistivity]]
*[[Power in a circuit]]
*[[Ammeters,Voltmeters,Ohmmeters]]
*[[Current]]
**[[AC]]
*[[Ohm's Law]]
*[[Series Circuits]]
*[[Parallel Circuits]]
*[[RC]]
*[[AC vs DC]]
*[[Charge in a RC Circuit]]
*[[Current in a RC circuit]]
*[[Circular Loop of Wire]]
*[[Current in a RL Circuit]]
*[[RL Circuit]]
*[[Feedback]]
*[[Transformers (Circuits)]]
*[[Resistors and Conductivity]]
*[[Semiconductor Devices]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Maxwell's Equations===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Gauss's Flux Theorem]]
**[[Electric Fields]]
***[[Examples of Flux Through Surfaces and Objects]]
**[[Magnetic Fields]]
*[[Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of Coaxial Cable Using Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Long Thick Wire Using Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Toroid Using Ampere's Law]]
*[[Faraday's Law]]
**[[Curly Electric Fields]]
**[[Inductance]]
***[[Transformers (Physics)]]
***[[Energy Density]]
**[[Lenz's Law]]
***[[Lenz Effect and the Jumping Ring]]
**[[Lenz's Rule]]
**[[Motional Emf using Faraday's Law]]
*[[Ampere-Maxwell Law]]
*[[Superconductors]]
**[[Meissner effect]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Radiation===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Producing a Radiative Electric Field]]
*[[Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Radiaton]]
*[[Lenses]]
*[[Energy and Momentum Analysis in Radiation]]
**[[Poynting Vector]]
*[[Electromagnetic Propagation]]
**[[Wavelength and Frequency]]
*[[Snell's Law]]
*[[Effects of Radiation on Matter]]
*[[Light Propagation Through a Medium]]
*[[Light Scaterring: Why is the Sky Blue]]
*[[Light Refraction: Bending of light]]
*[[Cherenkov Radiation]]
*[[Rayleigh Effect]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Sound===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Doppler Effect]]
*[[Nature, Behavior, and Properties of Sound]]
*[[Speed of Sound]]
*[[Resonance]]
*[[Sound Barrier]]
*[[Sound Rarefaction]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Waves===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Bragg's Law]]
*[[Multisource Interference: Diffraction]]
*[[Standing waves]]
*[[Gravitational waves]]
*[[Plasma waves]]
*[[Wave-Particle Duality]]
*[[Electromagnetic Spectrum]]
*[[Color Light Wave]]
*[[Mechanical Waves]]
*[[Pendulum Motion]]
*[[Transverse and Longitudinal Waves]]
*[[Planck's Relation]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Real Life Applications of Electromagnetic Principles===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Electromagnetic Junkyard Cranes]]
*[[Maglev Trains]]
*[[Spark Plugs]]
*[[Metal Detectors]]
*[[Speakers]]
*[[Radios]]
*[[Ampullae of Lorenzini]]
*[[Electrocytes]]
*[[Generator]]
*[[Measuring Water Level]]
*[[Cyclotron]]
*[[Railgun]]
*[[Magnetic Resonance Imaging]]

</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Optics===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Mirrors]]
*[[Refraction]]
*[[Quantum Properties of Light]]
*[[Lasers]]

</div>
</div>

== Resources ==
* Commonly used wiki commands [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet Wiki Cheatsheet]
* A guide to representing equations in math mode [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula Wiki Math Mode]
* A page to keep track of all the physics [[Constants]]
* A page for review of [[Vectors]] and vector operations

Main Page

2015-11-30T18:23:10Z

Unkadi3: /* Radiation */