PLEASE DO NOT EDIT THIS PAGE. COPY THIS TEMPLATE AND PASTE IT INTO A NEW PAGE FOR YOUR TOPIC.

Claimed by Shalim6

This page expands on the ideas presented by the Conservation of Energy and discusses more in detail how energy changes form.

==The Main Idea==

Energy Transformation is the process in which energy changes from one form, to another. Examples of forms of energy includes: Kinetic, Chemical, Thermal, Gravitational Potential etc. When ever energy changes its form, there is no net loss of energy (Conservation of Energy). Virtually every process we engage in is accompanied by a transformation of energy. Some common everyday examples of energy transformation include, the chemical energy of coal being converted to thermal energy when burned or the conversion of light energy from the sun into electrical energy.

 It is important to account for the efficiency of energy transformation. Every energy transformation is accompanied by some change in thermal energy. In other words, it is not possible to convert 100 J of chemical energy to 100 J of kinetic energy, some of that chemical energy will be converted to thermal energy. This is due to friction mainly. [[File:EnergyTransformation.gif|thumb|300px|right|Energy Transformation in Energy Systems]]

 In the figure on the right, there is a candle being burned. When something is burned, the energy stored within the chemical bonds that make of the object are broken and energy is released. In the figure, the chemical of the energy of the candle is being converted into both heat and light. Practically, it would be much more useful if 100% of the chemical energy of the candle was converted to light (the whole point of a candle!). If this were the case, either the candle would burn much brighter, or burn longer, since energy is no longer being wasted as heat. As stated above however, this process is not 100% efficient, and thus, some energy will inevitably will be converted to heat energy.

===A Mathematical Model===

If we assume that no energy is being converted to work, then we can simply say Einitial = Efinal. Note that E initial and E final don't specify what form energy takes, merely that their intensities are equal in Joules when summed.

===A Computational Model===

[[File:Pythonzzz.png|800px|Computer Model]]

The vpython model on the right depicts a space probe orbiting the earth and moon. The probe is under the influence of the earth and moon's gravity and has it's own initial velocity. The graph on the left shows the kinetic energy of the space probe plotted against the gravitational potential between the space probe and the earth + moon system. The yellow line represents the kinetic energy, the blue line represents the gravitational potential, and the green line represents the these two values added together.

 The important part of this demonstration is the conversion of energy. This is a theoretical situation so there is no energy loss as heat. Kinetic energy is being converted to potential energy and vice-versa as you follow you graph. It is important to note that the kinetic energy and potential energy are freely converted between each other freely as the space probe orbits.

==Examples==

Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible

===Simple===
A candle has 500 J of chemical energy stored in it's wick. After some time, when the entire candle is burned and all the chemical energy is expended,it is found that the candle released 480 J of heat energy. Assuming that the candle only released heat and light energy when it was burned,how much light energy was released by the candle when it was burned?

 Since the candle is completely burned, all its chemical energy is completely converted. The problem states that all this energy is converted to either heat or light energy. It is also stated that 480 J of heat energy was released. Therefore, we can write the equation

 J chemical energy = J heat energy + J light energy

 Thus, 500 = 480 + J light energy

 So J light energy = 20 J

===Middling===

When a person runs a conversion of energy takes place. In this example, use the earth and the person as the system. Write an equation that actually depicts the change in energy of the person and earth system as the person runs down a slope . Assume that the only forms of energy in this equation are gravitational potential, chemical energy, heat, and kinetic energy.

 Since humans utilize energy in the form of chemical energy, we start off with a change in chemical energy. When the person accelerates and begins to run, some of the internal chemical energy is converted into kinetic energy. Remember from above that in any change in energy form, some thermal energy is also produced. Notice however, that the person is also running down a slope. This means that the gravitational potential energy between the earth and the person is decreasing. But what is this energy being converted to? The gravitational energy is most likely not forming new chemical bonds in the person's body so it's not chemical energy. It is however possible that this gravitational energy is being converted to kinetic energy, and of course, heat. So we have two sources of kinetic energy, the person converting chemical energy into kinetic energy as well as the earth "pulling the person" downhill increasing his kinetic energy.

 We can then write our equation as E chemical + E potential = E kinetic (From chemical) + E kinetic (from gravity) + E heat 

===Difficult===

A water heater is created to heat water for the purpose of turning a turbine. 20 kg of Water at 25 degrees C is heated and forced to evaporate at 100 C per second. Assume the specific heat of water varies little with temperature. This process takes place at 1 atm. This heat energy is being supplied by a stirrer in which 70% of it's kinetic energy is transferred to heat energy per second. Assuming this process is continuous, with 0 accumulation, how much energy must the stirrer transfer to the water per second to achieve this? Assume the process takes place in an adiabatic closed system with a constant volume and pressure.

 For this problem we must first determine how much heat is required to evaporate the water, and then heat it to 300 degrees C . The easiest way to do this is using our q = cm delta t equation. First, we heat the water from 25 degrees C to 100 degrees C. This equation becomes --> q = (4.18 kj/kg*C)(20 kg)(100-25 C). We are left with q = 6270 kJ. Now, we need to determine the heat required to convert the water from liquid to a gas. This is also known as the heat of vaporization which is 2257 kj/kg. We can then say q = (2257 kj/kg)(20)Kg we get q = 45,140 kj. Thus, the total heat energy required to raise the water from 25 C to 100 C and then evaporate it is 6270 kj + 45,140 kj = 51,410 kj.

 Since the turbine operates at 70% efficiency, we know it must generate more energy than the heat we just found previously. We can simply divide 51,410 by .7 to get 644,871.4 kj. The turbine must generate 644,871.4 kj per second or 644,871 KW.

==Connectedness==

I am currently very interested in oil refinery and as a chemical engineer, I hope to some day work in this sector. Oil is probably one of the most converted energy sources in the world. The whole point of refinery is to extract the maximum amount of usable energy from the chemical bonds of oil. This is accomplished through the use of changing parameters such as pressure, temperature, volume etc. This is directly applicable to energy transformation since the whole point of this process is to use what we know about the properties of oil and make energy efficiency as close to 100% as possible.

[[File:colum.jpeg|800px|Sample Oil Distillation]]]]

==History==

Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.

== See also ==

Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?

===Further reading===

Books, Articles or other print media on this topic

===External links===

Internet resources on this topic

==References==

This section contains the the references you used while writing this page

[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

File:Colum.jpeg

2015-12-03T06:31:31Z

Shalim6: Shalim6 uploaded a new version of "File:Colum.jpeg"

2015-12-03T00:09:07Z

Shalim6: A computer model showing a space probe orbit alongside it's energy graph. The yellow line represents the kinetic energy of the probe and the blue line represents the potential energy.

A computer model showing a space probe orbit alongside it's energy graph. The yellow line represents the kinetic energy of the probe and the blue line represents the potential energy.

File:Pythonzz.png

2015-12-03T00:07:05Z

2015-12-02T22:16:00Z

Shalim6: Created page with "PLEASE DO NOT EDIT THIS PAGE. COPY THIS TEMPLATE AND PASTE IT INTO A NEW PAGE FOR YOUR TOPIC. Claimed by Shalim6 Short Description of Topic ==The Main Idea== State, in you..."

PLEASE DO NOT EDIT THIS PAGE. COPY THIS TEMPLATE AND PASTE IT INTO A NEW PAGE FOR YOUR TOPIC.

Claimed by Shalim6

Short Description of Topic

==The Main Idea==

State, in your own words, the main idea for this topic
Electric Field of Capacitor

===A Mathematical Model===

What are the mathematical equations that allow us to model this topic. For example <math>{\frac{d\vec{p}}{dt}}_{system} = \vec{F}_{net}</math> where '''p''' is the momentum of the system and '''F''' is the net force from the surroundings.

===A Computational Model===

How do we visualize or predict using this topic. Consider embedding some vpython code here [https://trinket.io/glowscript/31d0f9ad9e Teach hands-on with GlowScript]

==Examples==

Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible

===Simple===
===Middling===
===Difficult===

==Connectedness==
#How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?
#How is it connected to your major?
#Is there an interesting industrial application?

==History==

Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.

== See also ==

Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?

===Further reading===

Books, Articles or other print media on this topic

===External links===

Internet resources on this topic

==References==

This section contains the the references you used while writing this page

[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

Main Page

2015-12-02T22:14:37Z

Shalim6: /* Energy */

__NOTOC__
Welcome to the Georgia Tech Wiki for Intro Physics. This resources was created so that students can contribute and curate content to help those with limited or no access to a textbook. When reading this website, please correct any errors you may come across. If you read something that isn't clear, please consider revising it!

Looking to make a contribution?
#Pick a specific topic from intro physics
#Add that topic, as a link to a new page, under the appropriate category listed below by editing this page.
#Copy and paste the default [[Template]] into your new page and start editing.

Please remember that this is not a textbook and you are not limited to expressing your ideas with only text and equations. Whenever possible embed: pictures, videos, diagrams, simulations, computational models (e.g. Glowscript), and whatever content you think makes learning physics easier for other students.

== Source Material ==
All of the content added to this resource must be in the public domain or similar free resource. If you are unsure about a source, contact the original author for permission. That said, there is a surprisingly large amount of introductory physics content scattered across the web. Here is an incomplete list of intro physics resources (please update as needed).
* A physics resource written by experts for an expert audience [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Physics Physics Portal]
* A wiki book on modern physics [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Modern_Physics Modern Physics Wiki]
* The MIT open courseware for intro physics [http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-8-002-a-wikitextbook-for-introductory-mechanics-fall-2009/index.htm MITOCW Wiki]
* An online concept map of intro physics [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html HyperPhysics]
* Interactive physics simulations [https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/physics PhET]
* OpenStax algebra based intro physics textbook [https://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics College Physics]
* The Open Source Physics project is a collection of online physics resources [http://www.opensourcephysics.org/ OSP]
* A resource guide compiled by the [http://www.aapt.org/ AAPT] for educators [http://www.compadre.org/ ComPADRE]

== Organizing Categories ==
These are the broad, overarching categories, that we cover in two semester of introductory physics. You can add subcategories or make a new category as needed. A single topic should direct readers to a page in one of these catagories.

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
===Interactions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Kinds of Matter]]
**[[Ball and Spring Model of Matter]]
*[[Detecting Interactions]]
*[[Fundamental Interactions]]
*[[System & Surroundings]]
*[[Newton's First Law of Motion]]
*[[Newton's Second Law of Motion]]
*[[Newton's Third Law of Motion]]
*[[Gravitational Force]]
*[[Electric Force]]
*[[Conservation of Charge]]
*[[Terminal Speed]]
*[[Simple Harmonic Motion]]
*[[Speed and Velocity]]
*[[Electric Polarization]]
*[[Perpetual Freefall (Orbit)]]
*[[2-Dimensional Motion]]
*[[Center of Mass]]
*[[Reaction Time]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Theory===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity]]
*[[Quantum Theory]]
*[[Big Bang Theory]]
*[[Maxwell's Electromagnetic Theory]]
*[[Atomic Theory]]
*[[Wave-Particle Duality]]
*[[String Theory]]
*[[Elementary Particles and Particle Physics Theory]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Notable Scientists===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Christian Doppler]]
*[[Albert Einstein]]
*[[Ernest Rutherford]]
*[[Joseph Henry]]
*[[Michael Faraday]]
*[[J.J. Thomson]]
*[[James Maxwell]]
*[[Robert Hooke]]
*[[Carl Friedrich Gauss]]
*[[Nikola Tesla]]
*[[Andre Marie Ampere]]
*[[Sir Isaac Newton]]
*[[J. Robert Oppenheimer]]
*[[Oliver Heaviside]]
*[[Rosalind Franklin]]
*[[Erwin Schrödinger]]
*[[Enrico Fermi]]
*[[Robert J. Van de Graaff]]
*[[Charles de Coulomb]]
*[[Hans Christian Ørsted]]
*[[Philo Farnsworth]]
*[[Niels Bohr]]
*[[Georg Ohm]]
*[[Galileo Galilei]]
*[[Gustav Kirchhoff]]
*[[Max Planck]]
*[[Heinrich Hertz]]
*[[Edwin Hall]]
*[[James Watt]]
*[[Count Alessandro Volta]]
*[[Josiah Willard Gibbs]]
*[[Richard Phillips Feynman]]
*[[Sir David Brewster]]
*[[Daniel Bernoulli]]
*[[William Thomson]]
*[[Leonhard Euler]]
*[[Robert Fox Bacher]]
*[[Stephen Hawking]]
*[[Amedeo Avogadro]]
*[[Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen]]
*[[Pierre Laplace]]
*[[Thomas Edison]]
*[[Hendrik Lorentz]]
*[[Jean-Baptiste Biot]]
*[[Lise Meitner]]
*[[Lisa Randall]]
*[[Felix Savart]]
*[[Heinrich Lenz]]
*[[Max Born]]
*[[Archimedes]]
*[[Jean Baptiste Biot]]
*[[Carl Sagan]]
*[[Eugene Wigner]]
*[[Marie Curie]]
*[[Pierre Curie]]
*[[Werner Heisenberg]]
*[[Johannes Diderik van der Waals]]
*[[Louis de Broglie]]
*[[Aristotle]]
*[[Émilie du Châtelet]]
*[[Blaise Pascal]]
*[[Benjamin Franklin]]
*[[James Chadwick]]
*[[Henry Cavendish]]
*[[Thomas Young]]
*[[James Prescott Joule]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Properties of Matter===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Mass]]
*[[Velocity]]
*[[Relative Velocity]]
*[[Density]]
*[[Charge]]
*[[Spin]]
*[[SI Units]]
*[[Heat Capacity]]
*[[Specific Heat]]
*[[Wavelength]]
*[[Conductivity]]
*[[Malleability]]
*[[Weight]]
*[[Boiling Point]]
*[[Melting Point]]
*[[Higgs Boson]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Contact Interactions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Young's Modulus]]
* [[Friction]]
* [[Tension]]
* [[Hooke's Law]]
*[[Centripetal Force and Curving Motion]]
*[[Compression or Normal Force]]
* [[Length and Stiffness of an Interatomic Bond]]
* [[Speed of Sound in a Solid]]
* [[Iterative Prediction of Spring-Mass System]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Momentum===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Vectors]]
* [[Kinematics]]
* [[Conservation of Momentum]]
* [[Predicting Change in multiple dimensions]]
* [[Momentum Principle]]
* [[Impulse Momentum]]
* [[Curving Motion]]
* [[Multi-particle Analysis of Momentum]]
* [[Iterative Prediction]]
* [[Newton's Laws and Linear Momentum]]
* [[Net Force]]
* [[Center of Mass]]
* [[Momentum at High Speeds]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Angular Momentum===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[The Moments of Inertia]]
* [[Moment of Inertia for a ring]]
* [[Rotation]]
* [[Torque]]
* [[Systems with Zero Torque]]
* [[Systems with Nonzero Torque]]
* [[Right Hand Rule]]
* [[Angular Velocity]]
* [[Predicting the Position of a Rotating System]]
* [[Translational Angular Momentum]]
* [[The Angular Momentum Principle]]
* [[Rotational Angular Momentum]]
* [[Total Angular Momentum]]
* [[Gyroscopes]]
* [[Angular Momentum Compared to Linear Momentum]]

</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Energy===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[The Photoelectric Effect]]
*[[Photons]]
*[[The Energy Principle]]
*[[Predicting Change]]
*[[Rest Mass Energy]]
*[[Kinetic Energy]]
*[[Potential Energy]]
**[[Potential Energy for a Magnetic Dipole]]
*[[Work]]
*[[Thermal Energy]]
*[[Conservation of Energy]]
*[[Electric Potential]]
*[[Energy Transfer due to a Temperature Difference]]
*[[Gravitational Potential Energy]]
*[[Point Particle Systems]]
*[[Real Systems]]
*[[Spring Potential Energy]]
**[[Ball and Spring Model]]
*[[Internal Energy]]
**[[Potential Energy of a Pair of Neutral Atoms]]
*[[Translational, Rotational and Vibrational Energy]]
*[[Franck-Hertz Experiment]]
*[[Power (Mechanical)]]
*[[Transformation of Energy]]

*[[Energy Graphs]]
*[[Air Resistance]]
*[[Electronic Energy Levels]]
*[[Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy]]
*[[Specific Heat Capacity]]
*[[Electronic Energy Levels and Photons]]
*[[Energy Density]]
*[[Bohr Model]]
*[[Quantized energy levels]]
*[[Path Independence of Electric Potential]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Collisions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Collisions]]
*[[Maximally Inelastic Collision]]
*[[Elastic Collisions]]
*[[Inelastic Collisions]]
*[[Head-on Collision of Equal Masses]]
*[[Head-on Collision of Unequal Masses]]
*[[Frame of Reference]]
*[[Rutherford Experiment and Atomic Collisions]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Fields===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Electric Field]] of a
** [[Point Charge]]
** [[Electric Dipole]]
** [[Capacitor]]
** [[Charged Rod]]
** [[Charged Ring]]
** [[Charged Disk]]
** [[Charged Spherical Shell]]
** [[Charged Cylinder]]
**[[A Solid Sphere Charged Throughout Its Volume]]
*[[Electric Potential]]
**[[Potential Difference Path Independence]]
**[[Potential Difference in a Uniform Field]]
**[[Potential Difference of point charge in a non-Uniform Field]]
**[[Sign of Potential Difference]]
**[[Potential Difference in an Insulator]]
**[[Energy Density and Electric Field]]
** [[Systems of Charged Objects]]
*[[Electric Force]]
*[[Polarization]]
**[[Polarization of an Atom]]
*[[Charge Motion in Metals]]
*[[Charge Transfer]]
*[[Magnetic Field]]
**[[Right-Hand Rule]]
**[[Direction of Magnetic Field]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Wire]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Loop]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Solenoid]]
**[[Bar Magnet]]
**[[Magnetic Dipole Moment]]
**[[Magnetic Force]]
**[[Magnetic Torque]]
**[[Hall Effect]]
**[[Lorentz Force]]
**[[Biot-Savart Law]]
**[[Biot-Savart Law for Currents]]
**[[Integration Techniques for Magnetic Field]]
**[[Sparks in Air]]
**[[Motional Emf]]
**[[Detecting a Magnetic Field]]
**[[Moving Point Charge]]
**[[Non-Coulomb Electric Field]]
**[[Motors and Generators]]
**[[Solenoid Applications]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Simple Circuits===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Components]]
*[[Steady State]]
*[[Non Steady State]]
*[[Charging and Discharging a Capacitor]]
*[[Thin and Thick Wires]]
*[[Node Rule]]
*[[Loop Rule]]
*[[Resistivity]]
*[[Power in a circuit]]
*[[Ammeters,Voltmeters,Ohmmeters]]
*[[Current]]
**[[AC]]
*[[Ohm's Law]]
*[[Series Circuits]]
*[[Parallel Circuits]]
*[[RC]]
*[[AC vs DC]]
*[[Charge in a RC Circuit]]
*[[Current in a RC circuit]]
*[[Circular Loop of Wire]]
*[[RL Circuit]]
*[[LC Circuit]]
*[[Surface Charge Distributions]]
*[[Feedback]]
*[[Transformers (Circuits)]]
*[[Resistors and Conductivity]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Maxwell's Equations===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Gauss's Flux Theorem]]
**[[Electric Fields]]
**[[Magnetic Fields]]
*[[Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of Coaxial Cable Using Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Long Thick Wire Using Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Toroid Using Ampere's Law]]
*[[Faraday's Law]]
**[[Curly Electric Fields]]
**[[Inductance]]
***[[Transformers from a physics standpoint]]
***[[Energy Density]]
**[[Lenz's Law]]
***[[Lenz Effect and the Jumping Ring]]
**[[Motional Emf using Faraday's Law]]
*[[Ampere-Maxwell Law]]
*[[Superconductors]]
**[[Meissner effect]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Radiation===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Producing a Radiative Electric Field]]
*[[Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Radiaton]]
*[[Lenses]]
*[[Energy and Momentum Analysis in Radiation]]
**[[Poynting Vector]]
*[[Electromagnetic Propagation]]
**[[Wavelength and Frequency]]
*[[Snell's Law]]
*[[Effects of Radiation on Matter]]
*[[Light Propagation Through a Medium]]
*[[Light Scaterring: Why is the Sky Blue]]
*[[Light Refraction: Bending of light]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Sound===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Doppler Effect]]
*[[Nature, Behavior, and Properties of Sound]]
*[[Resonance]]
*[[Sound Barrier]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Waves===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Multisource Interference: Diffraction]]
*[[Standing waves]]
*[[Gravitational waves]]
*[[Wave-Particle Duality]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Real Life Applications of Electromagnetic Principles===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Electromagnetic Junkyard Cranes]]
*[[Maglev Trains]]
</div>
</div>

== Resources ==
* Commonly used wiki commands [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet Wiki Cheatsheet]
* A guide to representing equations in math mode [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula Wiki Math Mode]
* A page to keep track of all the physics [[Constants]]
* An overview of [[VPython]], [http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/VPython_basics beginner guide to VPython]