Nuclear Fission

2016-04-18T02:42:28Z

Csyed3:

This topic is claimed by qmurphy3 NO3 Schatz.

Nuclear fission is the process of splitting up an atom into multiple parts. This occurs spontaneously in the form of radioactive decay. [[File:complexchainreaction.jpg]]

==The Main Idea==
Nuclear fission is the process of the nucleus of an atom splitting into multiple smaller parts and, in doing so, releasing a quantity of energy. This process can happen naturally in the form of radioactive decay or in a nuclear reaction. Nuclear fission by radioactive decay is a natural process whereby a nucleus that is very big and unstable spontaneously breaks apart into two or three smaller nuclei and emitting particles such as neurons and gamma radiation in the process. Radioactive decay is very uncommon amongst most large molecules but does happen naturally for Uranium-235 and Plutonium-239, both of which are isotopes. Uranium-235 fissions when gains extra neurons that trigger its decay. The two substituents that form from the split atom have a mass that is about one tenth of one percent less mass than that of the original atom. Nuclear fission by nuclear reaction occurs when one nucleus collides with either another nucleus or a particle causing the nucleus to break apart into other smaller nuclei and releasing particles and gamma radiation. This can cause chain reactions whereby particles emitted when one nucleus fissions go on to collide with other nuclei and cause them to fission which releases more particles that go on to collide with even more nuclei. Nuclear fission reactions are typically managed to produce a standard and controlled reaction (such as the process to produce electricity) but when it is not managed it results in a dangerous and uncontrollable release of energy (see atomic bomb).

===A Mathematical Model===
The large amount of energy that is released is not lost or destroyed according to the conservation of mass principle, therefore we can use the formula below to better understand the change in mass and energy released during nuclear fission reactions.

Mass of energy released = (E/c^2) = Mass Final- Mass Initial

===A Computational Model===

[[File:Kernspaltung.png]]

==Examples==

Nuclear power plants like these are found in various countries all over the globe. They work by heating water to boiling with nuclear fission. The water turns to steam and turns turbines, generating electricity.
[[File:NuclearPowerPlant2.png]]
Below is a diagram illustrating these reactors and how they generate electricity with nuclear fission and water.

[[File:BoilingWaterReactor.gif]]

==Connectedness==
Nuclear fission is a very interesting topic to me because of its potential for green and renewable energy. After delving deeper into the subject, I was made aware of just how astonishingly large the amount of energy that is produced from the splitting of an atom actually was. I was always aware of what nuclear fission was because of its use in the atomic bomb and the basic explanation in secondary school. This topic however does not directly tie into my major of Biomedical engineering. The results of effective nuclear fission would be energy with which to power some types of biomedical devices as well as the potential to learn more about elements and materials that could be used in nuclear fission and other things. The overall industrial application of nuclear fission is actually quite impressive, it has the potential to be one of the most reliable and consistent forms of power production once the remainder of fossil fuels are depleted. Nuclear fission is a growing form of producing energy and will become an even better alternative once there is an adequate way to dispose of the radioactive waste that it produces.

==History==

Otto Hahn and his assistant first discovered heavy nuclear fission in 1938. Hahn was a German scientist and won the Nobel Prize in 1945 for discovering chemical proof of nuclear fission. He discovered this by experimentally bombarding Uranium with neurons, the same method that is used today. The bombardment resulted in isotopes on the alkaline metal that they were testing as the sample, it was initially suspected that this was radium but after more thorough testing it was concluded that it was Barium, a product of splitting Uranium.

== See also ==

*Radioactive Decay
*Nuclear Fusion
*Renewable Energy

===Further reading===
"The Nuclear Fission Process" by Cyriel Wagemans

==References==
Chabay, Ruth W., and Bruce A. Sherwood. "Chapter 10: Collisions." Matter & Interactions. Fourth Edition ed. Wiley, 2015. 261. Print.
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nucene/fission.html
http://ieer.org/resource/factsheets/basics-nuclear-physics-fission/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fission
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Hahn

[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

Nuclear Fission

2016-04-18T02:39:22Z

Csyed3:

This topic is claimed by qmurphy3 NO3 Schatz.

Nuclear fission is the process of splitting up an atom into multiple parts. This occurs spontaneously in the form of radioactive decay. [[File:complexchainreaction.jpg]]

==The Main Idea==
Nuclear fission is the process of the nucleus of an atom splitting into multiple smaller parts and, in doing so, releasing a quantity of energy. This process can happen naturally in the form of radioactive decay or in a nuclear reaction. Nuclear fission by radioactive decay is a natural process whereby a nucleus that is very big and unstable spontaneously breaks apart into two or three smaller nuclei and emitting particles such as neurons and gamma radiation in the process. Radioactive decay is very uncommon amongst most large molecules but does happen naturally for Uranium-235 and Plutonium-239, both of which are isotopes. Uranium-235 fissions when gains extra neurons that trigger its decay. The two substituents that form from the split atom have a mass that is about one tenth of one percent less mass than that of the original atom. Nuclear fission by nuclear reaction occurs when one nucleus collides with either another nucleus or a particle causing the nucleus to break apart into other smaller nuclei and releasing particles and gamma radiation. This can cause chain reactions whereby particles emitted when one nucleus fissions go on to collide with other nuclei and cause them to fission which releases more particles that go on to collide with even more nuclei. Nuclear fission reactions are typically managed to produce a standard and controlled reaction (such as the process to produce electricity) but when it is not managed it results in a dangerous and uncontrollable release of energy (see atomic bomb).

===A Mathematical Model===
The large amount of energy that is released is not lost or destroyed according to the conservation of mass principle, therefore we can use the formula below to better understand the change in mass and energy released during nuclear fission reactions.

Mass of energy released = (E/c^2) = Mass Final- Mass Initial

===A Computational Model===

[[File:Kernspaltung.png]]

==Examples==

Nuclear power plants like these are found in various countries all over the globe. They work by heating water to boiling with nuclear fission. The water turns to steam and turns turbines, generating electricity.

[[File:NuclearPowerPlant1.jpg height = 625]]
Below is a diagram illustrating these reactors and how they generate electricity with nuclear fission and water.

[[File:BoilingWaterReactor.gif]]

==Connectedness==
Nuclear fission is a very interesting topic to me because of its potential for green and renewable energy. After delving deeper into the subject, I was made aware of just how astonishingly large the amount of energy that is produced from the splitting of an atom actually was. I was always aware of what nuclear fission was because of its use in the atomic bomb and the basic explanation in secondary school. This topic however does not directly tie into my major of Biomedical engineering. The results of effective nuclear fission would be energy with which to power some types of biomedical devices as well as the potential to learn more about elements and materials that could be used in nuclear fission and other things. The overall industrial application of nuclear fission is actually quite impressive, it has the potential to be one of the most reliable and consistent forms of power production once the remainder of fossil fuels are depleted. Nuclear fission is a growing form of producing energy and will become an even better alternative once there is an adequate way to dispose of the radioactive waste that it produces.

==History==

Otto Hahn and his assistant first discovered heavy nuclear fission in 1938. Hahn was a German scientist and won the Nobel Prize in 1945 for discovering chemical proof of nuclear fission. He discovered this by experimentally bombarding Uranium with neurons, the same method that is used today. The bombardment resulted in isotopes on the alkaline metal that they were testing as the sample, it was initially suspected that this was radium but after more thorough testing it was concluded that it was Barium, a product of splitting Uranium.

== See also ==

*Radioactive Decay
*Nuclear Fusion
*Renewable Energy

===Further reading===
"The Nuclear Fission Process" by Cyriel Wagemans

==References==
Chabay, Ruth W., and Bruce A. Sherwood. "Chapter 10: Collisions." Matter & Interactions. Fourth Edition ed. Wiley, 2015. 261. Print.
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nucene/fission.html
http://ieer.org/resource/factsheets/basics-nuclear-physics-fission/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fission
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Hahn

[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

File:NuclearPowerPlant1.jpg

2016-04-18T02:35:30Z

Csyed3:

Nuclear Fission

2016-04-18T02:34:21Z

Csyed3: /* Examples */

This topic is claimed by qmurphy3 NO3 Schatz.

Nuclear fission is the process of splitting up an atom into multiple parts. This occurs spontaneously in the form of radioactive decay. [[File:complexchainreaction.jpg]]

==The Main Idea==
Nuclear fission is the process of the nucleus of an atom splitting into multiple smaller parts and, in doing so, releasing a quantity of energy. This process can happen naturally in the form of radioactive decay or in a nuclear reaction. Nuclear fission by radioactive decay is a natural process whereby a nucleus that is very big and unstable spontaneously breaks apart into two or three smaller nuclei and emitting particles such as neurons and gamma radiation in the process. Radioactive decay is very uncommon amongst most large molecules but does happen naturally for Uranium-235 and Plutonium-239, both of which are isotopes. Uranium-235 fissions when gains extra neurons that trigger its decay. The two substituents that form from the split atom have a mass that is about one tenth of one percent less mass than that of the original atom. Nuclear fission by nuclear reaction occurs when one nucleus collides with either another nucleus or a particle causing the nucleus to break apart into other smaller nuclei and releasing particles and gamma radiation. This can cause chain reactions whereby particles emitted when one nucleus fissions go on to collide with other nuclei and cause them to fission which releases more particles that go on to collide with even more nuclei. Nuclear fission reactions are typically managed to produce a standard and controlled reaction (such as the process to produce electricity) but when it is not managed it results in a dangerous and uncontrollable release of energy (see atomic bomb).

===A Mathematical Model===
The large amount of energy that is released is not lost or destroyed according to the conservation of mass principle, therefore we can use the formula below to better understand the change in mass and energy released during nuclear fission reactions.

Mass of energy released = (E/c^2) = Mass Final- Mass Initial

===A Computational Model===

[[File:Kernspaltung.png]]

==Examples==

Nuclear power plants like these are found in various countries all over the globe. They work by heating water to boiling with nuclear fission. The water turns to steam and turns turbines, generating electricity.

[[File:NuclearPowerPlant1.jpg]]
Below is a diagram illustrating these reactors and how they generate electricity with nuclear fission and water.

[[File:BoilingWaterReactor.gif]]

==Connectedness==
Nuclear fission is a very interesting topic to me because of its potential for green and renewable energy. After delving deeper into the subject, I was made aware of just how astonishingly large the amount of energy that is produced from the splitting of an atom actually was. I was always aware of what nuclear fission was because of its use in the atomic bomb and the basic explanation in secondary school. This topic however does not directly tie into my major of Biomedical engineering. The results of effective nuclear fission would be energy with which to power some types of biomedical devices as well as the potential to learn more about elements and materials that could be used in nuclear fission and other things. The overall industrial application of nuclear fission is actually quite impressive, it has the potential to be one of the most reliable and consistent forms of power production once the remainder of fossil fuels are depleted. Nuclear fission is a growing form of producing energy and will become an even better alternative once there is an adequate way to dispose of the radioactive waste that it produces.

==History==

Otto Hahn and his assistant first discovered heavy nuclear fission in 1938. Hahn was a German scientist and won the Nobel Prize in 1945 for discovering chemical proof of nuclear fission. He discovered this by experimentally bombarding Uranium with neurons, the same method that is used today. The bombardment resulted in isotopes on the alkaline metal that they were testing as the sample, it was initially suspected that this was radium but after more thorough testing it was concluded that it was Barium, a product of splitting Uranium.

== See also ==

*Radioactive Decay
*Nuclear Fusion
*Renewable Energy

===Further reading===
"The Nuclear Fission Process" by Cyriel Wagemans

==References==
Chabay, Ruth W., and Bruce A. Sherwood. "Chapter 10: Collisions." Matter & Interactions. Fourth Edition ed. Wiley, 2015. 261. Print.
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nucene/fission.html
http://ieer.org/resource/factsheets/basics-nuclear-physics-fission/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fission
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Hahn

[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

2015-12-02T02:58:30Z

Csyed3:

Pierre Curie

2015-12-02T02:58:15Z

Csyed3:

Sorry. This page did not exist before I made it. If you go to "view history" there is only my username. You can even see where it says I created the page.

Pierre Curie by csyed3

[[File:Curie.jpg]]

==Early Life==

Pierre Curie was born on May 15, 1859 in Paris. His father, Eugène Curie, was a physician and began to teach Pierre Curie math and geometry from a very young age. He attended the Faculty of Sciences at the Sorbonne and earned his degree at the age of 18. Not having enough money to immediately proceed with his doctorate, he began work as a laboratory instructor. Shortly after, in 1880, Pierre Curie with the help of his older brother, Jacques Curie discovered that the compression of crystals causes an electric action potential. During his research he created an instrument he named the Curie Scale which could take very precise measurements needed for his work. The very next year the two brothers showed that the opposite was also true; placing crystals in an electric field would cause them to deform. This discovery is known as piezoelectric effects and it is used in crystal oscillators which are used in modern electronic circuits.
While working in his lab he met Marie Curie, then Maria Skłodowska, and took her on as a lab student and into his research. Finally in 1895, he became Professor of Physics and got his Doctor of Science degree. This was the same year Maria agreed to marry him.

For more information on his wife, Marie Curie, please reference [[Marie Curie]].

==Scientific Contributions==

===Curie's Law===
For his doctoral thesis, Pierre Curie studied various forms of magnetism including paramagnetism whereby an external magnetic field attracts objects, causing internal magnetic fields in the same direction. During his research he discovered that temperature had an effect on paramagnetism. He wrote a formula to predict this effect, known as Curie's Law. The formula is
<math>{\frac{B}{T}} * C = M</math>
where <math>B</math> is the magnetic field in teslas <math>T</math> is the temperature in kelvin <math>C</math> Curie's Constant and <math>M</math> is the magnetisation.

===Radioactivity===

Pierre did his research on radioactivity with his wife, Marie Curie. In their work they studied polonium and radium. They coined the term radioactivity and were some of the first to study it. Upon noticing heat coming from radium particles, Pierre was the first to discover nuclear energy. He was able to use his prior knowledge on magnetism to analyze the radiation coming from these particles to discover that some held a positive charge (alpha radiation) some held a negative charge (beta radiation) and some no charge at all (gamma radiation). Because of the work of him and his wife, a curie became a unit of measurement of radioactive decay. In 1903 the couple as awarded the Nobel Prize for their research on radiation.

==Personal Life==
Pierre Curie married Marie Currie in 1895. Together, they had two daughters named Ève and Irène. Pierre, Marie, Irène, and her husband all became physicists involved in the study of radioactivity. In 1906 Pierre Curie died at the age of 46 in an accident when he got run over by a horse drawn cart.
[[File:CurieFamily1.jpg]]
(Pictured Ève, Marie, Irène)
==Other==

===Fun Facts===

Einstein was offered the position of President of Israel, but refused stating his lack of "natural aptitude and the experience to deal properly with people"

Einstein enjoyed sailing, playing violin, and smoking pipes.

"Albert Einstein is an anagram of 'Ten elite brains'"

== See also ==

===Further reading===

l

===External links===

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1903/marie-curie-bio.html

http://www.biography.com/people/albert-einstein-9285408

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/physics/einstein-on-newton.html

==References==
gghhjkjkkgghgjkgfjjhjkhdhjahfjhasjkfhasjfhadsjkhjkahsgadsgjk

[[Category:Notable Scientists]]

Pierre Curie

2015-12-02T02:56:46Z

Csyed3: Undo revision 7502 by Csyed3 (talk)

Sorry. This page did not exist before I made it. If you go to "view history" there is only my username. You can even see where it says I created the page.

Pierre Curie by csyed3

[[File:Curie.jpg]]

==Early Life==

Pierre Curie was born on May 15, 1859 in Paris. His father, Eugène Curie, was a physician and began to teach Pierre Curie math and geometry from a very young age. He attended the Faculty of Sciences at the Sorbonne and earned his degree at the age of 18. Not having enough money to immediately proceed with his doctorate, he began work as a laboratory instructor. Shortly after, in 1880, Pierre Curie with the help of his older brother, Jacques Curie discovered that the compression of crystals causes an electric action potential. During his research he created an instrument he named the Curie Scale which could take very precise measurements needed for his work. The very next year the two brothers showed that the opposite was also true; placing crystals in an electric field would cause them to deform. This discovery is known as piezoelectric effects and it is used in crystal oscillators which are used in modern electronic circuits.
While working in his lab he met Marie Curie, then Maria Skłodowska, and took her on as a lab student and into his research. Finally in 1895, he became Professor of Physics and got his Doctor of Science degree. This was the same year Maria agreed to marry him.

For more information on his wife, Marie Curie, please reference [[Marie Curie]].

==Scientific Contributions==

===Curie's Law===
For his doctoral thesis, Pierre Curie studied various forms of magnetism including paramagnetism whereby an external magnetic field attracts objects, causing internal magnetic fields in the same direction. During his research he discovered that temperature had an effect on paramagnetism. He wrote a formula to predict this effect, known as Curie's Law. The formula is
<math>{\frac{B}{T}} * C = M</math>
where <math>B</math> is the magnetic field in teslas <math>T</math> is the temperature in kelvin <math>C</math> Curie's Constant and <math>M</math> is the magnetisation.

===Radioactivity===

Pierre did his research on radioactivity with his wife, Marie Curie. In their work they studied polonium and radium. They coined the term radioactivity and were some of the first to study it. Upon noticing heat coming from radium particles, Pierre was the first to discover nuclear energy. He was able to use his prior knowledge on magnetism to analyze the radiation coming from these particles to discover that some held a positive charge (alpha radiation) some held a negative charge (beta radiation) and some no charge at all (gamma radiation). Because of the work of him and his wife, a curie became a unit of measurement of radioactive decay. In 1903 the couple as awarded the Nobel Prize for their research on radiation.

==Personal Life==
Pierre Curie married Marie Currie in 1895. Together, they had two daughters named Ève and Irène. Pierre, Marie, Irène, and her husband all became physicists involved in the study of radioactivity. In 1906 Pierre Curie died at the age of 46 in an accident when he got run over by a horse drawn cart.
[[File:CurieFamily.jpg]]
(Pictured Ève, Marie, Irène)
==Other==

===Fun Facts===

Einstein was offered the position of President of Israel, but refused stating his lack of "natural aptitude and the experience to deal properly with people"

Einstein enjoyed sailing, playing violin, and smoking pipes.

"Albert Einstein is an anagram of 'Ten elite brains'"

== See also ==

===Further reading===

l

===External links===

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1903/marie-curie-bio.html

http://www.biography.com/people/albert-einstein-9285408

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/physics/einstein-on-newton.html

==References==
gghhjkjkkgghgjkgfjjhjkhdhjahfjhasjkfhasjfhadsjkhjkahsgadsgjk

[[Category:Notable Scientists]]

Pierre Curie

2015-12-02T02:56:15Z

Csyed3:

Sorry. This page did not exist before I made it. If you go to "view history" there is only my username. You can even see where it says I created the page.

Pierre Curie by csyed3

[[File:Curie.jpg]]

==Early Life==

Pierre Curie was born on May 15, 1859 in Paris. His father, Eugène Curie, was a physician and began to teach Pierre Curie math and geometry from a very young age. He attended the Faculty of Sciences at the Sorbonne and earned his degree at the age of 18. Not having enough money to immediately proceed with his doctorate, he began work as a laboratory instructor. Shortly after, in 1880, Pierre Curie with the help of his older brother, Jacques Curie discovered that the compression of crystals causes an electric action potential. During his research he created an instrument he named the Curie Scale which could take very precise measurements needed for his work. The very next year the two brothers showed that the opposite was also true; placing crystals in an electric field would cause them to deform. This discovery is known as piezoelectric effects and it is used in crystal oscillators which are used in modern electronic circuits.
While working in his lab he met Marie Curie, then Maria Skłodowska, and took her on as a lab student and into his research. Finally in 1895, he became Professor of Physics and got his Doctor of Science degree. This was the same year Maria agreed to marry him.

For more information on his wife, Marie Curie, please reference [[Marie Curie]].

==Scientific Contributions==

===Curie's Law===
For his doctoral thesis, Pierre Curie studied various forms of magnetism including paramagnetism whereby an external magnetic field attracts objects, causing internal magnetic fields in the same direction. During his research he discovered that temperature had an effect on paramagnetism. He wrote a formula to predict this effect, known as Curie's Law. The formula is
<math>{\frac{B}{T}} * C = M</math>
where <math>B</math> is the magnetic field in teslas <math>T</math> is the temperature in kelvin <math>C</math> Curie's Constant and <math>M</math> is the magnetisation.

===Radioactivity===

Pierre did his research on radioactivity with his wife, Marie Curie. In their work they studied polonium and radium. They coined the term radioactivity and were some of the first to study it. Upon noticing heat coming from radium particles, Pierre was the first to discover nuclear energy. He was able to use his prior knowledge on magnetism to analyze the radiation coming from these particles to discover that some held a positive charge (alpha radiation) some held a negative charge (beta radiation) and some no charge at all (gamma radiation). Because of the work of him and his wife, a curie became a unit of measurement of radioactive decay. In 1903 the couple as awarded the Nobel Prize for their research on radiation.

==Personal Life==
Pierre Curie married Marie Currie in 1895. Together, they had two daughters named Ève and Irène. Pierre, Marie, Irène, and her husband all became physicists involved in the study of radioactivity. In 1906 Pierre Curie died at the age of 46 in an accident when he got run over by a horse drawn cart.

==Other==

===Fun Facts===

Einstein was offered the position of President of Israel, but refused stating his lack of "natural aptitude and the experience to deal properly with people"

Einstein enjoyed sailing, playing violin, and smoking pipes.

"Albert Einstein is an anagram of 'Ten elite brains'"

== See also ==

===Further reading===

l

===External links===

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1903/marie-curie-bio.html

http://www.biography.com/people/albert-einstein-9285408

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/physics/einstein-on-newton.html

==References==
gghhjkjkkgghgjkgfjjhjkhdhjahfjhasjkfhasjfhadsjkhjkahsgadsgjk

[[Category:Notable Scientists]]

2015-12-02T02:37:17Z

Csyed3:

Sorry. This page did not exist before I made it. If you go to "view history" there is only my username. You can even see where it says I created the page.

Pierre Curie by csyed3

[[File:Curie.jpg]]

==Early Life==

Pierre Curie was born on May 15, 1859 in Paris. His father, Eugène Curie, was a physician and began to teach Pierre Curie math and geometry from a very young age. He attended the Faculty of Sciences at the Sorbonne and earned his degree at the age of 18. Not having enough money to immediately proceed with his doctorate, he began work as a laboratory instructor. Shortly after, in 1880, Pierre Curie with the help of his older brother, Jacques Curie discovered that the compression of crystals causes an electric action potential. During his research he created an instrument he named the Curie Scale which could take very precise measurements needed for his work. The very next year the two brothers showed that the opposite was also true; placing crystals in an electric field would cause them to deform. This discovery is known as piezoelectric effects and it is used in crystal oscillators which are used in modern electronic circuits.
While working in his lab he met Marie Curie, then Maria Skłodowska, and took her on as a lab student and into his research. Finally in 1895, he became Professor of Physics and got his Doctor of Science degree. This was the same year Maria agreed to marry him.

For more information on his wife, Marie Curie, please reference [[Marie Curie]].

==Scientific Contributions==

===Curie's Law===
For his doctoral thesis, Pierre Curie studied various forms of magnetism including paramagnetism whereby an external magnetic field attracts objects, causing internal magnetic fields in the same direction. During his research he discovered that temperature had an effect on paramagnetism. He wrote a formula to predict this effect, known as Curie's Law. The formula is
<math>{\frac{B}{T}} * C = M</math>
where <math>B</math> is the magnetic field in teslas <math>T</math> is the temperature in kelvin <math>C</math> Curie's Constant and <math>M</math> is the magnetisation.

===Radioactivity===

Pierre did his research on radioactivity with his wife, Marie Curie. In their work they studied polonium and radium. They coined the term radioactivity and were some of the first to study it. Upon noticing heat coming from radium particles, Pierre was the first to discover nuclear energy. He was able to use his prior knowledge on magnetism to analyze the radiation coming from these particles to discover that some held a positive charge (alpha radiation) some held a negative charge (beta radiation) and some no charge at all (gamma radiation). Because of the work of him and his wife, a curie became a unit of measurement of radioactive decay. In 1903 the couple as awarded the Nobel Prize for their research on radiation.

==Personal Life==
Pierre Curie married Marie Currie in 1895. Together, they had two daughters named Ève and Irène. Pierre, Marie, Irène, and her husband all became physicists involved in the study of radioactivity.

==Other==

===Fun Facts===

Einstein was offered the position of President of Israel, but refused stating his lack of "natural aptitude and the experience to deal properly with people"

Einstein enjoyed sailing, playing violin, and smoking pipes.

"Albert Einstein is an anagram of 'Ten elite brains'"

===Myths Debunked===

Despite popular belief, Albert Einstein did not work on the Manhattan Project. The US Army refused to provide him the necessary security clearance, likely due to his liberal political ideology. Nevertheless, Einstein had written President Franklin D. Roosevelt a letter outlining the development of a fission uranium bomb, a decision he is said to have later regretted. Einstein's letter helped spur the development of nuclear weaponry.

The rumor that Einstein failed at mathematics in primary school is incorrect. By twelve, Einstein had already begun studying calculus and developing his own mathematical proofs!

== See also ==

===Further reading===

l

===External links===

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1903/marie-curie-bio.html

http://www.biography.com/people/albert-einstein-9285408

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/physics/einstein-on-newton.html

==References==
gghhjkjkkgghgjkgfjjhjkhdhjahfjhasjkfhasjfhadsjkhjkahsgadsgjk

[[Category:Notable Scientists]]