Physics Book - User contributions [en]

Alhazen

2015-12-04T18:40:37Z

Asomasundaram24:

Alhazen

2015-12-04T07:10:11Z

Asomasundaram24:

Alhazen

2015-12-04T07:03:52Z

Asomasundaram24:

Alhazen

2015-12-04T06:57:53Z

Asomasundaram24: /* See also */

Alhazen

2015-12-04T06:57:41Z

Asomasundaram24: /* See also */

Alhazen

2015-12-04T06:57:30Z

Asomasundaram24: /* See also */

Alhazen

2015-12-04T06:57:02Z

Asomasundaram24: /* References */

Alhazen

2015-12-04T06:56:21Z

Asomasundaram24: /* See also */

Alhazen

2015-12-04T06:56:05Z

Asomasundaram24:

Alhazen

2015-12-04T06:43:48Z

Asomasundaram24: /* Alhazen's Problem */

Alhazen

2015-12-04T06:43:35Z

Asomasundaram24: /* Alhazen's Problem */

File:Abhishek main squeeze.jpg

2015-12-04T06:43:14Z

Asomasundaram24:

File:Abhishek 9999999.jpg

2015-12-04T06:42:25Z

Asomasundaram24:

File:Abhishek 123.jpg

2015-12-04T06:41:34Z

Asomasundaram24:

Alhazen

2015-12-04T06:41:24Z

Asomasundaram24: /* Alhazen's Problem */

Alhazen

2015-12-04T06:40:53Z

Asomasundaram24: /* Alhazen's Problem */

Alhazen

2015-12-04T06:40:17Z

Asomasundaram24:

Alhazen

2015-12-04T03:54:33Z

Asomasundaram24:

Alhazen

2015-12-04T03:44:43Z

Asomasundaram24:

Alhazen

2015-12-04T03:42:13Z

Asomasundaram24:

Alhazen

2015-12-04T03:42:06Z

Asomasundaram24:

Alhazen

2015-12-04T03:41:57Z

Asomasundaram24:

Alhazen

2015-12-04T03:41:41Z

Asomasundaram24:

Alhazen

2015-12-04T03:41:18Z

Asomasundaram24:

Alhazen

2015-12-04T03:41:05Z

Asomasundaram24:

Alhazen

2015-12-04T03:40:30Z

Asomasundaram24:

File:03-ahazen.jpg

2015-12-04T03:39:26Z

Asomasundaram24:

Alhazen

2015-12-04T03:38:55Z

Asomasundaram24:

Alhazen

2015-12-04T03:36:27Z

Asomasundaram24:

Alhazen

2015-12-04T03:25:18Z

Asomasundaram24:

Claimed and Written by Ananth Somasundaram for PHYS2211

'''Alhazen''' was an Arab physicist, mathematiician, and astronomer who resided in Basra, Cairo. Alhazen had significant contributions in the fields of optics, astronomy, mathematics, meteorology, visual perception and the scientific method. He is considered to be the first theoretical physicist. Alhazen also was the earliest to discover that a hypothesis has the requirement to be experimented through trailed procedures or mathematical evidence.

[[File:Max_Planck_1933.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Planck in 1933]]

==Early Life==

Alhazen was born in 965 CE in Basra, Buyid Emirate and passed away at the age of 75 in 1040 CE in Cairo, Egypt. He was born to an Arab family and moved to Cairo at an early age. When he moved to Cairo, it was under the rule of Fatimid Caliph al-Hakim. Alhazen pitched a hydraulic project to improve regulation of the flooding of the Nile. After pitching the idea, Alhazen realized the impracticality of his plan. There is no concrete proof, but it has been told that the Caliph was upset at Alhazen for the failed plan and placed him under house arrest till the Caliphs death in 1040. During the house arrest, Alhazen wrote his famous [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Optics Book Of Optics].

When Planck was nine years old, his father, who was a distinguished jurist and professor of law at the , received an appointment at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich University of Munich], where a teacher by the name of Hermann Müller stimulated Planck's interest in physics. After graduating at the age of 17, Planck ultimately chose physics as his career path because he had become deeply impressed by the absolute nature of the law of conservation of energy. Planck describes why he chose physics:

''"The outside world is something independent from man, something absolute, and the quest for the laws which apply to this absolute appeared to me as the most sublime scientific pursuit in life.”''

===University Education and Career===

Planck entered the University of Munich in the fall of 1874, however found very little encouragement to pursue a future in physics. He spent a year at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin University of Berlin], where he had the opportunity to be taught by great research scientists [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_von_Helmholtz Hermann von Helmholtz] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Kirchhoff Gustav Robert Kirchoff], however he was very unimpressed by their lectures. He returned to Munich and received his doctorate of philosophy in July 1879 at the age of 21. The following year he finished his dissertation at Munich and became a lecturer. He spent five years teaching at the University of Munich, then was appointed Associate Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Kiel, with the help of his father. Two years later he married Marie Merck in 1887, and they went on to have four children, Karl (1888), the twins Emma and Grete (1889) and Erwin (1893), of whom only Erwin was to survive past the First World War. In 1889, he succeeded Kirchoff and became a professor at the University of Berlin, where he came to venerate Helmholtz as a mentor and colleague. Though he had only nine doctoral students altogether, his lectures on all branches of theoretical physics went through many editions and exerted great influence in that particular field. He remained a professor in Berlin until his retirement in 1926.

==Scientific Contribution==

===Black-Body Radiation===

While teaching in Berlin, Planck studied thermodynamics - in particular examining the distribution of energy according to wavelength. By combining the formulas of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien Wilhelm Wien] and Rayleigh, Planck announced a new formula referred to as Planck's radiation formula. Two months later, Planck introduced the quanta of energy by making a complete theoretical deduction of his formula and giving up classical physics. He knew how the entropy of the radiation had to depend mathematically upon its energy in the high-frequency region if Wien’s law held there. He also saw what this dependence had to be in the low-frequency region in order to reproduce the experimental results there. Planck guessed that he should try to combine these two expressions in the simplest way possible, and to transform the result into a formula relating the energy of the radiation to its frequency. He presented his theoretical explanation involving this quanta of energy on December 14, 1900 at a meeting of the Physikalische Gesellschaft in Berlin. He announced his derivation of the relationship which was centered around the idea that the energy emitted by a resonator could only take on discrete values or quanta. The energy for a resonator of frequency is hv where h is a universal constant, known as Planck's constant.

The discovery of Planck’s constant equipped him to define a new universal set of physical units (such as the Planck length and the Planck mass), all based on fundamental physical constants. Planck’s work on the quantum theory was published in the Annalen der Physik. His work is summarized in two books Thermodynamik (Thermodynamics) and Theorie der Wärmestrahlung (Theory of heat radiation).

A YouTube Video of Planck's logic in Black-Body Radiation and the beginning of quantum mechanics can be found [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YEn-vX4duUc here].

==Later Life==

===Second Marriage and World War I===

In 1909 Planck's wife Marie passed away, presumably from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis tuberculosis]. In 1911, Planck married his second wife, Marga von Hoesslin, who bore him a third son, Hermann, the same year. By the time of the German annexation and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I World War I] in 1914 (which Planck initially welcomed, but later argued against), he was effectively the highest authority of German physics, as one of the four permanent presidents of the Prussian Academy of Sciences, and a leader in the influential umbrella body, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser_Wilhelm_Society Kaiser Wilhelm Society]. By the end of the 1920s, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr Niels Bohr], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg Werner Heisenberg], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli Wolfgang Pauli] had worked out the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_interpretation Copenhagen Interpretation]" of quantum mechanics, and the quantum theory which Planck’s work had triggered became ever more established, even if Planck himself was never quite comfortable with some of its philosophical implications.

===Nobel Prize in Physics===

Planck was just 42 years old in 1900 when he made his famous discovery of the black body radiation law. This was not only Planck's most important work but in addition it marked a turning point in the history of physics. In 1918, this discovery won him the Nobel Prize in Physics.

===World War II===

Planck was 74 years old when the Nazis seized power in 1933, and he typically avoided conflict with the Nazi regime, although he did organize a provocative official commemorative meeting after the death in exile of fellow physicist Fritz Haber. He also succeeded in secretly enabling a number of Jewish scientists to continue working in institutes of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for several years.

The “Deutsche Physik” movement attacked Planck, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld Arnold Sommerfeld] and Werner Heisenberg among others for continuing to teach the theories of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein Einstein], calling them "white Jews". When his term as president of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society ended in 1936, the Nazi government pressured him to refrain from seeking another term. At the end of 1938, the Prussian Academy of Sciences lost its independence and was taken over by Nazis, and Planck protested by resigning his presidency. He bravely refused to join the Nazi party, despite coming under significant political pressure to do so.

Allied bombing campaigns against Berlin during the Second World War forced Planck and his wife to leave the city temporarily to live in the countryside, and his house in Berlin was completely destroyed by an air raid in 1944. He continued to travel frequently, giving numerous public lectures, including talks on Religion and Science (he was a devoted and persistent adherent of Christianity all his life).

===Death===

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II World War II] brought further tragedy. Planck’s house in Berlin was completely destroyed by bombs in 1944. His younger son, Erwin, was implicated in the attempt made on Hitler’s life on July 20, 1944, and in early 1945 he was killed at the hands of the Gestapo. Planck’s will to live was greatly crushed by this act. At war’s end, American officers took Planck and his second wife, Marga von Hoesslin, whom he had married in 1910 and by whom he had had one son, to Göttingen, West Germany. Planck died here on October 4, 1947 at the age of 89.

== See also ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck Max Planck's Wikipedia Page]

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YEn-vX4duUc YouTube Video] regarding the beginning of quantum mechanics

[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/mod6.html Black-Body Radiation]

===Further reading===

[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/mod6.html HyperPhysics: Black-Body Radiation]

==References==

===External links===

http://www.famousscientists.org/max-planck/

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1918/planck-bio.html

http://www.britannica.com/biography/Max-Planck

http://www.physicsoftheuniverse.com/scientists_planck.html

Alhazen

2015-12-04T03:24:35Z

Asomasundaram24:

Claimed and Written by Ananth Somasundaram for PHYS2211

'''Alhazen''' was an Arab physicist, mathematiician, and astronomer who resided in Basra, Cairo. Alhazen had significant contributions in the fields of optics, astronomy, mathematics, meteorology, visual perception and the scientific method. He is considered to be the first theoretical physicist. Alhazen also was the earliest to discover that a hypothesis has the requirement to be experimented through trailed procedures or mathematical evidence.

[[File:Max_Planck_1933.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Planck in 1933]]

==Early Life==

Alhazen was born in 965 CE in Basra, Buyid Emirate and passed away at the age of 75 in 1040 CE in Cairo, Egypt. He was born to an Arab family and moved to Cairo at an early age. When he moved to Cairo, it was under the rule of Fatimid Caliph al-Hakim. Alhazen pitched a hydraulic project to improve regulation of the flooding of the Nile. After pitching the idea, Alhazen realized the impracticality of his plan. There is no concrete proof, but it has been told that the Caliph was upset at Alhazen for the failed plan and placed him under house arrest till the Caliphs death in 1040. During the house arrest, Alhazen wrote his famous [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Optics].

When Planck was nine years old, his father, who was a distinguished jurist and professor of law at the , received an appointment at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich University of Munich], where a teacher by the name of Hermann Müller stimulated Planck's interest in physics. After graduating at the age of 17, Planck ultimately chose physics as his career path because he had become deeply impressed by the absolute nature of the law of conservation of energy. Planck describes why he chose physics:

''"The outside world is something independent from man, something absolute, and the quest for the laws which apply to this absolute appeared to me as the most sublime scientific pursuit in life.”''

===University Education and Career===

Planck entered the University of Munich in the fall of 1874, however found very little encouragement to pursue a future in physics. He spent a year at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin University of Berlin], where he had the opportunity to be taught by great research scientists [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_von_Helmholtz Hermann von Helmholtz] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Kirchhoff Gustav Robert Kirchoff], however he was very unimpressed by their lectures. He returned to Munich and received his doctorate of philosophy in July 1879 at the age of 21. The following year he finished his dissertation at Munich and became a lecturer. He spent five years teaching at the University of Munich, then was appointed Associate Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Kiel, with the help of his father. Two years later he married Marie Merck in 1887, and they went on to have four children, Karl (1888), the twins Emma and Grete (1889) and Erwin (1893), of whom only Erwin was to survive past the First World War. In 1889, he succeeded Kirchoff and became a professor at the University of Berlin, where he came to venerate Helmholtz as a mentor and colleague. Though he had only nine doctoral students altogether, his lectures on all branches of theoretical physics went through many editions and exerted great influence in that particular field. He remained a professor in Berlin until his retirement in 1926.

==Scientific Contribution==

===Black-Body Radiation===

While teaching in Berlin, Planck studied thermodynamics - in particular examining the distribution of energy according to wavelength. By combining the formulas of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien Wilhelm Wien] and Rayleigh, Planck announced a new formula referred to as Planck's radiation formula. Two months later, Planck introduced the quanta of energy by making a complete theoretical deduction of his formula and giving up classical physics. He knew how the entropy of the radiation had to depend mathematically upon its energy in the high-frequency region if Wien’s law held there. He also saw what this dependence had to be in the low-frequency region in order to reproduce the experimental results there. Planck guessed that he should try to combine these two expressions in the simplest way possible, and to transform the result into a formula relating the energy of the radiation to its frequency. He presented his theoretical explanation involving this quanta of energy on December 14, 1900 at a meeting of the Physikalische Gesellschaft in Berlin. He announced his derivation of the relationship which was centered around the idea that the energy emitted by a resonator could only take on discrete values or quanta. The energy for a resonator of frequency is hv where h is a universal constant, known as Planck's constant.

The discovery of Planck’s constant equipped him to define a new universal set of physical units (such as the Planck length and the Planck mass), all based on fundamental physical constants. Planck’s work on the quantum theory was published in the Annalen der Physik. His work is summarized in two books Thermodynamik (Thermodynamics) and Theorie der Wärmestrahlung (Theory of heat radiation).

A YouTube Video of Planck's logic in Black-Body Radiation and the beginning of quantum mechanics can be found [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YEn-vX4duUc here].

==Later Life==

===Second Marriage and World War I===

In 1909 Planck's wife Marie passed away, presumably from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis tuberculosis]. In 1911, Planck married his second wife, Marga von Hoesslin, who bore him a third son, Hermann, the same year. By the time of the German annexation and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I World War I] in 1914 (which Planck initially welcomed, but later argued against), he was effectively the highest authority of German physics, as one of the four permanent presidents of the Prussian Academy of Sciences, and a leader in the influential umbrella body, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser_Wilhelm_Society Kaiser Wilhelm Society]. By the end of the 1920s, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr Niels Bohr], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg Werner Heisenberg], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli Wolfgang Pauli] had worked out the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_interpretation Copenhagen Interpretation]" of quantum mechanics, and the quantum theory which Planck’s work had triggered became ever more established, even if Planck himself was never quite comfortable with some of its philosophical implications.

===Nobel Prize in Physics===

Planck was just 42 years old in 1900 when he made his famous discovery of the black body radiation law. This was not only Planck's most important work but in addition it marked a turning point in the history of physics. In 1918, this discovery won him the Nobel Prize in Physics.

===World War II===

Planck was 74 years old when the Nazis seized power in 1933, and he typically avoided conflict with the Nazi regime, although he did organize a provocative official commemorative meeting after the death in exile of fellow physicist Fritz Haber. He also succeeded in secretly enabling a number of Jewish scientists to continue working in institutes of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for several years.

The “Deutsche Physik” movement attacked Planck, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld Arnold Sommerfeld] and Werner Heisenberg among others for continuing to teach the theories of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein Einstein], calling them "white Jews". When his term as president of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society ended in 1936, the Nazi government pressured him to refrain from seeking another term. At the end of 1938, the Prussian Academy of Sciences lost its independence and was taken over by Nazis, and Planck protested by resigning his presidency. He bravely refused to join the Nazi party, despite coming under significant political pressure to do so.

Allied bombing campaigns against Berlin during the Second World War forced Planck and his wife to leave the city temporarily to live in the countryside, and his house in Berlin was completely destroyed by an air raid in 1944. He continued to travel frequently, giving numerous public lectures, including talks on Religion and Science (he was a devoted and persistent adherent of Christianity all his life).

===Death===

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II World War II] brought further tragedy. Planck’s house in Berlin was completely destroyed by bombs in 1944. His younger son, Erwin, was implicated in the attempt made on Hitler’s life on July 20, 1944, and in early 1945 he was killed at the hands of the Gestapo. Planck’s will to live was greatly crushed by this act. At war’s end, American officers took Planck and his second wife, Marga von Hoesslin, whom he had married in 1910 and by whom he had had one son, to Göttingen, West Germany. Planck died here on October 4, 1947 at the age of 89.

== See also ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck Max Planck's Wikipedia Page]

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YEn-vX4duUc YouTube Video] regarding the beginning of quantum mechanics

[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/mod6.html Black-Body Radiation]

===Further reading===

[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/mod6.html HyperPhysics: Black-Body Radiation]

==References==

===External links===

http://www.famousscientists.org/max-planck/

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1918/planck-bio.html

http://www.britannica.com/biography/Max-Planck

http://www.physicsoftheuniverse.com/scientists_planck.html

Alhazen

2015-12-03T02:41:27Z

Asomasundaram24: Created page with "This topic is claimed by: Ananth Somasundaram. PLEASE DO NOT EDIT THIS PAGE. COPY THIS TEMPLATE AND PASTE IT INTO A NEW PAGE FOR YOUR TOPIC. Short Description of Topic ==Th..."

This topic is claimed by: Ananth Somasundaram.

PLEASE DO NOT EDIT THIS PAGE. COPY THIS TEMPLATE AND PASTE IT INTO A NEW PAGE FOR YOUR TOPIC.

Short Description of Topic

==The Main Idea==

State, in your own words, the main idea for this topic
Electric Field of Capacitor

===A Mathematical Model===

What are the mathematical equations that allow us to model this topic. For example <math>{\frac{d\vec{p}}{dt}}_{system} = \vec{F}_{net}</math> where '''p''' is the momentum of the system and '''F''' is the net force from the surroundings.

===A Computational Model===

How do we visualize or predict using this topic. Consider embedding some vpython code here [https://trinket.io/glowscript/31d0f9ad9e Teach hands-on with GlowScript]

==Examples==

Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible

===Simple===
===Middling===
===Difficult===

==Connectedness==
#How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?
#How is it connected to your major?
#Is there an interesting industrial application?

==History==

Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.

== See also ==

Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?

===Further reading===

Books, Articles or other print media on this topic

===External links===
[http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]

==References==

This section contains the the references you used while writing this page

[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

Main Page

2015-12-03T02:40:01Z

Asomasundaram24: /* Notable Scientists */

__NOTOC__
Welcome to the Georgia Tech Wiki for Intro Physics. This resources was created so that students can contribute and curate content to help those with limited or no access to a textbook. When reading this website, please correct any errors you may come across. If you read something that isn't clear, please consider revising it!

Looking to make a contribution?
#Pick a specific topic from intro physics
#Add that topic, as a link to a new page, under the appropriate category listed below by editing this page.
#Copy and paste the default [[Template]] into your new page and start editing.

Please remember that this is not a textbook and you are not limited to expressing your ideas with only text and equations. Whenever possible embed: pictures, videos, diagrams, simulations, computational models (e.g. Glowscript), and whatever content you think makes learning physics easier for other students.

== Source Material ==
All of the content added to this resource must be in the public domain or similar free resource. If you are unsure about a source, contact the original author for permission. That said, there is a surprisingly large amount of introductory physics content scattered across the web. Here is an incomplete list of intro physics resources (please update as needed).
* A physics resource written by experts for an expert audience [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Physics Physics Portal]
* A wiki book on modern physics [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Modern_Physics Modern Physics Wiki]
* The MIT open courseware for intro physics [http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-8-002-a-wikitextbook-for-introductory-mechanics-fall-2009/index.htm MITOCW Wiki]
* An online concept map of intro physics [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html HyperPhysics]
* Interactive physics simulations [https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/physics PhET]
* OpenStax algebra based intro physics textbook [https://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics College Physics]
* The Open Source Physics project is a collection of online physics resources [http://www.opensourcephysics.org/ OSP]
* A resource guide compiled by the [http://www.aapt.org/ AAPT] for educators [http://www.compadre.org/ ComPADRE]

== Organizing Categories ==
These are the broad, overarching categories, that we cover in two semester of introductory physics. You can add subcategories or make a new category as needed. A single topic should direct readers to a page in one of these catagories.

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
===Interactions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Kinds of Matter]]
**[[Ball and Spring Model of Matter]]
*[[Detecting Interactions]]
*[[Fundamental Interactions]]
*[[Determinism]]
*[[System & Surroundings]]
*[[Newton's First Law of Motion]]
*[[Newton's Second Law of Motion]]
*[[Newton's Third Law of Motion]]
*[[Gravitational Force]]
*[[Electric Force]]
*[[Conservation of Charge]]
*[[Terminal Speed]]
*[[Simple Harmonic Motion]]
*[[Speed and Velocity]]
*[[Electric Polarization]]
*[[Perpetual Freefall (Orbit)]]
*[[2-Dimensional Motion]]
*[[Center of Mass]]
*[[Reaction Time]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Theory===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity]]
*[[Quantum Theory]]
*[[Big Bang Theory]]
*[[Maxwell's Electromagnetic Theory]]
*[[Atomic Theory]]
*[[Wave-Particle Duality]]
*[[String Theory]]
*[[Elementary Particles and Particle Physics Theory]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Notable Scientists===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Christian Doppler]]
*[[Albert Einstein]]
*[[Ernest Rutherford]]
*[[Joseph Henry]]
*[[Michael Faraday]]
*[[J.J. Thomson]]
*[[James Maxwell]]
*[[Robert Hooke]]
*[[Carl Friedrich Gauss]]
*[[Nikola Tesla]]
*[[Andre Marie Ampere]]
*[[Sir Isaac Newton]]
*[[J. Robert Oppenheimer]]
*[[Oliver Heaviside]]
*[[Rosalind Franklin]]
*[[Erwin Schrödinger]]
*[[Enrico Fermi]]
*[[Robert J. Van de Graaff]]
*[[Charles de Coulomb]]
*[[Hans Christian Ørsted]]
*[[Philo Farnsworth]]
*[[Niels Bohr]]
*[[Georg Ohm]]
*[[Galileo Galilei]]
*[[Gustav Kirchhoff]]
*[[Max Planck]]
*[[Heinrich Hertz]]
*[[Edwin Hall]]
*[[James Watt]]
*[[Count Alessandro Volta]]
*[[Josiah Willard Gibbs]]
*[[Richard Phillips Feynman]]
*[[Sir David Brewster]]
*[[Daniel Bernoulli]]
*[[William Thomson]]
*[[Leonhard Euler]]
*[[Robert Fox Bacher]]
*[[Stephen Hawking]]
*[[Amedeo Avogadro]]
*[[Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen]]
*[[Pierre Laplace]]
*[[Thomas Edison]]
*[[Hendrik Lorentz]]
*[[Jean-Baptiste Biot]]
*[[Lise Meitner]]
*[[Lisa Randall]]
*[[Felix Savart]]
*[[Heinrich Lenz]]
*[[Max Born]]
*[[Archimedes]]
*[[Jean Baptiste Biot]]
*[[Carl Sagan]]
*[[Eugene Wigner]]
*[[Marie Curie]]
*[[Pierre Curie]]
*[[Werner Heisenberg]]
*[[Johannes Diderik van der Waals]]
*[[Louis de Broglie]]
*[[Aristotle]]
*[[Émilie du Châtelet]]
*[[Blaise Pascal]]
*[[Benjamin Franklin]]
*[[James Chadwick]]
*[[Henry Cavendish]]
*[[Thomas Young]]
*[[James Prescott Joule]]
*[[John Bardeen]]
*[[Leo Baekeland]]
*[[Alhazen]]

</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Properties of Matter===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Mass]]
*[[Velocity]]
*[[Relative Velocity]]
*[[Density]]
*[[Charge]]
*[[Spin]]
*[[SI Units]]
*[[Heat Capacity]]
*[[Specific Heat]]
*[[Wavelength]]
*[[Conductivity]]
*[[Malleability]]
*[[Weight]]
*[[Boiling Point]]
*[[Melting Point]]
*[[Higgs Boson]]
*[[Inertia]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Contact Interactions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Young's Modulus]]
* [[Friction]]
* [[Tension]]
* [[Hooke's Law]]
*[[Centripetal Force and Curving Motion]]
*[[Compression or Normal Force]]
* [[Length and Stiffness of an Interatomic Bond]]
* [[Speed of Sound in a Solid]]
* [[Iterative Prediction of Spring-Mass System]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Momentum===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Vectors]]
* [[Kinematics]]
* [[Conservation of Momentum]]
* [[Predicting Change in multiple dimensions]]
* [[Momentum Principle]]
* [[Impulse Momentum]]
* [[Curving Motion]]
* [[Multi-particle Analysis of Momentum]]
* [[Iterative Prediction]]
* [[Newton's Laws and Linear Momentum]]
* [[Net Force]]
* [[Center of Mass]]
* [[Momentum at High Speeds]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Angular Momentum===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[The Moments of Inertia]]
* [[Moment of Inertia for a ring]]
* [[Rotation]]
* [[Torque]]
* [[Systems with Zero Torque]]
* [[Systems with Nonzero Torque]]
* [[Right Hand Rule]]
* [[Angular Velocity]]
* [[Predicting the Position of a Rotating System]]
* [[Translational Angular Momentum]]
* [[The Angular Momentum Principle]]
* [[Rotational Angular Momentum]]
* [[Total Angular Momentum]]
* [[Gyroscopes]]
* [[Angular Momentum Compared to Linear Momentum]]

</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Energy===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[The Photoelectric Effect]]
*[[Photons]]
*[[The Energy Principle]]
*[[Predicting Change]]
*[[Rest Mass Energy]]
*[[Kinetic Energy]]
*[[Potential Energy]]
**[[Potential Energy for a Magnetic Dipole]]
**[[Potential Energy of a Multiparticle System]]
*[[Work]]
*[[Thermal Energy]]
*[[Conservation of Energy]]
*[[Electric Potential]]
*[[Energy Transfer due to a Temperature Difference]]
*[[Gravitational Potential Energy]]
*[[Point Particle Systems]]
*[[Real Systems]]
*[[Spring Potential Energy]]
**[[Ball and Spring Model]]
*[[Internal Energy]]
**[[Potential Energy of a Pair of Neutral Atoms]]
*[[Translational, Rotational and Vibrational Energy]]
*[[Franck-Hertz Experiment]]
*[[Power (Mechanical)]]
*[[Transformation of Energy]]

*[[Energy Graphs]]
*[[Air Resistance]]
*[[Electronic Energy Levels]]
*[[Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy]]
*[[Specific Heat Capacity]]
*[[Electronic Energy Levels and Photons]]
*[[Energy Density]]
*[[Bohr Model]]
*[[Quantized energy levels]]
*[[Path Independence of Electric Potential]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Collisions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Collisions]]
*[[Maximally Inelastic Collision]]
*[[Elastic Collisions]]
*[[Inelastic Collisions]]
*[[Head-on Collision of Equal Masses]]
*[[Head-on Collision of Unequal Masses]]
*[[Frame of Reference]]
*[[Rutherford Experiment and Atomic Collisions]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Fields===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Electric Field]] of a
** [[Point Charge]]
** [[Electric Dipole]]
** [[Capacitor]]
** [[Charged Rod]]
** [[Charged Ring]]
** [[Charged Disk]]
** [[Charged Spherical Shell]]
** [[Charged Cylinder]]
**[[A Solid Sphere Charged Throughout Its Volume]]
*[[Electric Potential]]
**[[Potential Difference Path Independence]]
**[[Potential Difference in a Uniform Field]]
**[[Potential Difference of point charge in a non-Uniform Field]]
**[[Sign of Potential Difference]]
**[[Potential Difference in an Insulator]]
**[[Energy Density and Electric Field]]
** [[Systems of Charged Objects]]
*[[Electric Force]]
*[[Polarization]]
**[[Polarization of an Atom]]
*[[Charge Motion in Metals]]
*[[Charge Transfer]]
*[[Magnetic Field]]
**[[Right-Hand Rule]]
**[[Direction of Magnetic Field]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Wire]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Loop]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Solenoid]]
**[[Bar Magnet]]
**[[Magnetic Dipole Moment]]
**[[Magnetic Force]]
**[[Magnetic Torque]]
**[[Hall Effect]]
**[[Lorentz Force]]
**[[Biot-Savart Law]]
**[[Biot-Savart Law for Currents]]
**[[Integration Techniques for Magnetic Field]]
**[[Sparks in Air]]
**[[Motional Emf]]
**[[Detecting a Magnetic Field]]
**[[Moving Point Charge]]
**[[Non-Coulomb Electric Field]]
**[[Motors and Generators]]
**[[Solenoid Applications]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Simple Circuits===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Components]]
*[[Steady State]]
*[[Non Steady State]]
*[[Charging and Discharging a Capacitor]]
*[[Thin and Thick Wires]]
*[[Node Rule]]
*[[Loop Rule]]
*[[Resistivity]]
*[[Power in a circuit]]
*[[Ammeters,Voltmeters,Ohmmeters]]
*[[Current]]
**[[AC]]
*[[Ohm's Law]]
*[[Series Circuits]]
*[[Parallel Circuits]]
*[[RC]]
*[[AC vs DC]]
*[[Charge in a RC Circuit]]
*[[Current in a RC circuit]]
*[[Circular Loop of Wire]]
*[[RL Circuit]]
*[[LC Circuit]]
*[[Surface Charge Distributions]]
*[[Feedback]]
*[[Transformers (Circuits)]]
*[[Resistors and Conductivity]]
*[[Semiconductor Devices]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Maxwell's Equations===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Gauss's Flux Theorem]]
**[[Electric Fields]]
**[[Magnetic Fields]]
*[[Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of Coaxial Cable Using Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Long Thick Wire Using Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Toroid Using Ampere's Law]]
*[[Faraday's Law]]
**[[Curly Electric Fields]]
**[[Inductance]]
***[[Transformers from a physics standpoint]]
***[[Energy Density]]
**[[Lenz's Law]]
***[[Lenz Effect and the Jumping Ring]]
**[[Motional Emf using Faraday's Law]]
*[[Ampere-Maxwell Law]]
*[[Superconductors]]
**[[Meissner effect]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Radiation===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Producing a Radiative Electric Field]]
*[[Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Radiaton]]
*[[Lenses]]
*[[Energy and Momentum Analysis in Radiation]]
**[[Poynting Vector]]
*[[Electromagnetic Propagation]]
**[[Wavelength and Frequency]]
*[[Snell's Law]]
*[[Effects of Radiation on Matter]]
*[[Light Propagation Through a Medium]]
*[[Light Scaterring: Why is the Sky Blue]]
*[[Light Refraction: Bending of light]]
*[[Cherenkov Radiation]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Sound===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Doppler Effect]]
*[[Nature, Behavior, and Properties of Sound]]
*[[Resonance]]
*[[Sound Barrier]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Waves===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Multisource Interference: Diffraction]]
*[[Standing waves]]
*[[Gravitational waves]]
*[[Wave-Particle Duality]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Real Life Applications of Electromagnetic Principles===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Electromagnetic Junkyard Cranes]]
*[[Maglev Trains]]
*[[Spark Plugs]]
*[[Metal Detectors]]
</div>
</div>

== Resources ==
* Commonly used wiki commands [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet Wiki Cheatsheet]
* A guide to representing equations in math mode [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula Wiki Math Mode]
* A page to keep track of all the physics [[Constants]]
* An overview of [[VPython]], [http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/VPython_basics beginner guide to VPython]

Benjamin Franklin

2015-12-03T00:53:07Z

Asomasundaram24: Undo revision 8628 by Asomasundaram24 (talk)

PLEASE DO NOT EDIT THIS PAGE. COPY THIS TEMPLATE AND PASTE IT INTO A NEW PAGE FOR YOUR TOPIC.

Short Description of Topic

==The Main Idea==

State, in your own words, the main idea for this topic
Electric Field of Capacitor

===A Mathematical Model===

What are the mathematical equations that allow us to model this topic. For example <math>{\frac{d\vec{p}}{dt}}_{system} = \vec{F}_{net}</math> where '''p''' is the momentum of the system and '''F''' is the net force from the surroundings.

===A Computational Model===

How do we visualize or predict using this topic. Consider embedding some vpython code here [https://trinket.io/glowscript/31d0f9ad9e Teach hands-on with GlowScript]

==Examples==

Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible

===Simple===
===Middling===
===Difficult===

==Connectedness==
#How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?
#How is it connected to your major?
#Is there an interesting industrial application?

==History==

Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.

== See also ==

Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?

===Further reading===

Books, Articles or other print media on this topic

===External links===

Internet resources on this topic

==References==

This section contains the the references you used while writing this page

[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

Benjamin Franklin

2015-12-03T00:00:35Z

Asomasundaram24:

Topic claimed by Ananth Somasundaram.

PLEASE DO NOT EDIT THIS PAGE. COPY THIS TEMPLATE AND PASTE IT INTO A NEW PAGE FOR YOUR TOPIC.

Short Description of Topic

==The Main Idea==

State, in your own words, the main idea for this topic
Electric Field of Capacitor

===A Mathematical Model===

What are the mathematical equations that allow us to model this topic. For example <math>{\frac{d\vec{p}}{dt}}_{system} = \vec{F}_{net}</math> where '''p''' is the momentum of the system and '''F''' is the net force from the surroundings.

===A Computational Model===

How do we visualize or predict using this topic. Consider embedding some vpython code here [https://trinket.io/glowscript/31d0f9ad9e Teach hands-on with GlowScript]

==Examples==

Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible

===Simple===
===Middling===
===Difficult===

==Connectedness==
#How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?
#How is it connected to your major?
#Is there an interesting industrial application?

==History==

Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.

== See also ==

Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?

===Further reading===

Books, Articles or other print media on this topic

===External links===

Internet resources on this topic

==References==

This section contains the the references you used while writing this page

[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]